Evolution

Question 1

Q: What evidence led Darwin and Wallace to propose the theory of evolution by natural selection?

Answer 1

A: Observations of variation in species, overproduction of offspring, struggle for existence, and differential survival and reproduction based on traits.

Question 2

Q: What does the theory of natural selection state?

Answer 2

A: That individuals with advantageous traits are more likely to survive and reproduce, passing those traits to the next generation.

Question 3

Q: What are alternative explanations to natural selection for the origin of species?

Answer 3

A:

Lamarckism (inheritance of acquired traits)

Creationism

Intelligent design

Genetic drift as a non-adaptive evolutionary force

Question 4

Q: What are the bases of genetic variation in populations?

Answer 4

A:

Mutations

Genetic recombination (e.g., crossing over, independent assortment)

Gene flow

Sexual reproduction

Question 5

Q: What is a morphospecies?
A.

Answer 5

: A species defined by physical characteristics and morphology

Question 6

Q: How does speciation occur?

Answer 6

A: Through the buildup of genetic differences that lead to reproductive isolation, often due to geographical, behavioral, or genetic barriers.

Question 7

Q: What are examples of reproductive isolation mechanisms?

Answer 7

A:

Prezygotic: temporal, behavioral, mechanical, gametic isolation

Postzygotic: hybrid sterility, inviability