Evolution Flashcards
Who was Darwin and what were his ideas on natural selection?
English naturalist: species change via variation, not linear progression (Descent with Modification)
What were Plato’s ideas on evolution?
Plato believed every organism was an example of a perfect essence created by god “Typological Thinking”
What were Aristotle’s ideas on evolution?
He ordered organisms in a linear scheme called “the great chain of being”
What were Lamarck’s ideas on evolution?
He thought if an organism changed due to their environment, they would pass that change to the offspring
Define species
a group of similar individuals capable of interbreeding and producing fertile offspring
Define Evolution
the change in allele frequencies over time
Name the 8 pieces of evidence for evolution
Biogeography, fossils, DNA, vestigial organs, comparative anatomy/embryology, proteins, metabolic pathways
What is non-random mating?
The selection of mates based on physical appearance
What is natural selection?
organisms that are better adapted to their environment tend to survive and produce more offspring
What is genetic drift?
random changes in allele frequencies that occur in a population
What is gene flow?
the transfer of alleles from one population to another
What is mutation?
change in a DNA sequence
can be deadly or neutral
What is the bottleneck effect?
a reduction in population due to natural disasters or a catastrophic event
What is the founder effect?
the genetic drift that occurs when a small group of individuals is isolated from a big population and creates a new population
What is inbreeding?
reduced genetic diversity due to mating between close relatives
