Chapter 1-3 Flashcards
What are the characteristics of Life?
Order, Reproduction, growth/development, Energy Processing, regulation, response to the environment, evolutionary adaptation
What are life’s levels of organization?
Biosphere, ecosystem, community, population, organism, organs and organ systems, tissue, cell, organelle, molecule.
Do you know the scientific method?
Observation, Questions, Hypothesis, Prediction, Experiment w/ control
Covalent Bond
Shares outermost electrons
Ionic Bond
exchange electrons
Hydrogen Bond
partially charged hydron attracted to anything with a charge
polar covalent
un-even sharing of electrons (unsymmetrical)
non-polar covalent
even sharing of electrons(symmetrical)
How can an atom be more electronegative than another atom?
Have more protons
What is a buffer?
substances that prevent PH changes
What does the buffer do if the acid is too high?
Absorbs the excess acid
What does the buffer do if the base is too high?
Donate acid
Which functions are in the carbonyl group?
ketone and aldehyde
What function is in the amino group
Amine
What function is in the Hydroxyl group?
Alcohol
What function is in the Carboxyl group?
Carboxylic Acid
Dehydration synthesis
make bonds by taking away water
Hydrolysis
breaking bonds by adding water
What do simple carbs consist of?
Monosaccharides and disaccharides
a quick source of energy
taste sweet
What do complex carbs consist of?
Polysaccharides(starch,glycogen,cellulose, chitin)
intermediate source of energy
What do lipids consist of?
triglyceride (longterm stored energy saturated)
phospholipid (makes membranes unsaturated)
steroids (sexing hormones)
What do proteins consist of?
Made of amino acids
most diverse function
linked together by dehydration synthesis=peptide bond
What is denaturing?
Breaking hydrogen bonds
What are nucleic acids made of?
Nucleotides
What does the Cell Theory state?
All cells come from other cells
all living things are composed of cells
What are the Natural Laws that limit the size of a cell?
avoid cells from being too efficient or inefficient (surface area/volume ratio)
Tell me about light microscopes
Has to be alive
1000x magnification
Tell me about electron microscopes
has to be dead
100,000 magnification
2 versions
-transmission: inside structure
-scanning: outside (great detail)
What is the flagella?
Used for mobility
What is the cell wall?
protection from over-expansion and from taking in too much water
What is the capsule?
protection against white blood cells
What are the 3 cell contacts?
Tight, Anchoring, and Communication junction
What is Microtubules?
acts as tracks for motor protein
What are the 3 trace elements?
Fluorine, Iron, and Iodine
What are isotopes?
atom with a different number of neutrons
What is an ion?
atom with different number of electrons
What is the function of the Golgi?
process and package proteins
What is the function of SER?
storage for lipids and steroids
What is the function of RER?
to produce proteins for the rest of the cell function
What is the cytoskeleton function?
helps cells maintain their shape and internal organization
What is the chloroplast function?
carry out the process of photosynthesis
What is mitochondria?
produce the energy necessary for the cell’s survival and functioning.
What is the function of lysosomes?
break down excess or worn-out cell parts
