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Biology 1a > Chapter 1-3 > Flashcards

Chapter 1-3 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the characteristics of Life?

A

Order, Reproduction, growth/development, Energy Processing, regulation, response to the environment, evolutionary adaptation

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2
Q

What are life’s levels of organization?

A

Biosphere, ecosystem, community, population, organism, organs and organ systems, tissue, cell, organelle, molecule.

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3
Q

Do you know the scientific method?

A

Observation, Questions, Hypothesis, Prediction, Experiment w/ control

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4
Q

Covalent Bond

A

Shares outermost electrons

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5
Q

Ionic Bond

A

exchange electrons

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6
Q

Hydrogen Bond

A

partially charged hydron attracted to anything with a charge

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7
Q

polar covalent

A

un-even sharing of electrons (unsymmetrical)

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8
Q

non-polar covalent

A

even sharing of electrons(symmetrical)

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9
Q

How can an atom be more electronegative than another atom?

A

Have more protons

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10
Q

What is a buffer?

A

substances that prevent PH changes

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11
Q

What does the buffer do if the acid is too high?

A

Absorbs the excess acid

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12
Q

What does the buffer do if the base is too high?

A

Donate acid

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13
Q

Which functions are in the carbonyl group?

A

ketone and aldehyde

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14
Q

What function is in the amino group

A

Amine

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15
Q

What function is in the Hydroxyl group?

A

Alcohol

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16
Q

What function is in the Carboxyl group?

A

Carboxylic Acid

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17
Q

Dehydration synthesis

A

make bonds by taking away water

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18
Q

Hydrolysis

A

breaking bonds by adding water

19
Q

What do simple carbs consist of?

A

Monosaccharides and disaccharides
a quick source of energy
taste sweet

20
Q

What do complex carbs consist of?

A

Polysaccharides(starch,glycogen,cellulose, chitin)
intermediate source of energy

21
Q

What do lipids consist of?

A

triglyceride (longterm stored energy saturated)
phospholipid (makes membranes unsaturated)
steroids (sexing hormones)

22
Q

What do proteins consist of?

A

Made of amino acids
most diverse function
linked together by dehydration synthesis=peptide bond

23
Q

What is denaturing?

A

Breaking hydrogen bonds

24
Q

What are nucleic acids made of?

A

Nucleotides

25
Q

What does the Cell Theory state?

A

All cells come from other cells
all living things are composed of cells

26
Q

What are the Natural Laws that limit the size of a cell?

A

avoid cells from being too efficient or inefficient (surface area/volume ratio)

27
Q

Tell me about light microscopes

A

Has to be alive
1000x magnification

28
Q

Tell me about electron microscopes

A

has to be dead
100,000 magnification
2 versions
-transmission: inside structure
-scanning: outside (great detail)

29
Q

What is the flagella?

A

Used for mobility

30
Q

What is the cell wall?

A

protection from over-expansion and from taking in too much water

31
Q

What is the capsule?

A

protection against white blood cells

32
Q

What are the 3 cell contacts?

A

Tight, Anchoring, and Communication junction

33
Q

What is Microtubules?

A

acts as tracks for motor protein

34
Q

What are the 3 trace elements?

A

Fluorine, Iron, and Iodine

35
Q

What are isotopes?

A

atom with a different number of neutrons

36
Q

What is an ion?

A

atom with different number of electrons

37
Q

What is the function of the Golgi?

A

process and package proteins

38
Q

What is the function of SER?

A

storage for lipids and steroids

39
Q

What is the function of RER?

A

to produce proteins for the rest of the cell function

40
Q

What is the cytoskeleton function?

A

helps cells maintain their shape and internal organization

41
Q

What is the chloroplast function?

A

carry out the process of photosynthesis

42
Q

What is mitochondria?

A

produce the energy necessary for the cell’s survival and functioning.

43
Q

What is the function of lysosomes?

A

break down excess or worn-out cell parts

Biology 1a (4 decks)

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