Evolution Flashcards
Key Figures in Computing
- Charles Babbage
- Ada Lovelace
- Alan Turing
- John Von Neumann
- George Boole
One of the earliest known computing tools, used in ancient civilizations
Abacus (-2,000 BC)
Invented by – , the – was a
mechanical analog device used for multiplication,
division, and complex functions like roots and
logarithms
William Oughtred, slide rule
Oughtred’s Slide Rule (1620)
– invented the – , a mechanical calculator
that used gears and wheels to add and subtract numbers. It was
the first machine to represent numbers mechanically and
perform calculations automatically.
Blaise Pascal, Pascaline(1642)
– improved Pascal’s design by creating
a machine that could multiply and divide as well as add and
subtract. He also developed the –, which became the foundation of modern computer systems.
Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, binary system
Leibniz’s Calculator (1672)
– automated loom used punched cards
to control the pattern of the cloth
Joseph Marie Jacquard, Jacquard’s Loom (1801)
– designed the Analytical Engine, considered
the first concept of a programmable computer. It had
features like an –, memory, and the
ability to use punched cards
for instructions
Charles Babbage, Arithmetic Logic Unit
Analytical Engine (1837)
– wrote the first algorithm
designed to be executed by Babbage’s Analytical Engine.
*She is considered the first computer programmer.
Foresaw that computers could go beyond
just – to create – or art.
*She is the first ever programmer.
Ada Lovelace, calculations, music.
Ada Lovelace’s Algorithm (1843)
– created a punched card machine to automate the U.S. Census. It
used – to read punched cards and greatly sped up data processing.
Herman Hollerith, electrical circuits
Hollerith Tabulating Machine (1890)
– a
theoretical device that could manipulate symbols and
perform any calculation if given a set of –
(algorithm). Created by
Turing Machine(1936), instructions, Alan Turing
– was the first general-purpose
electronic digital computer. Built by – and – at the
University of Pennsylvania, it used – and was capable of performing –
calculations much faster than human “computers.“
ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer) (1939-1944), John Mauchly, J. Presper Eckert, vacuum tubes, massive
– by – replaced vacuum tubes in computers, marking a
revolution in electronics. – were smaller, faster, and more –, paving
the way for modern computers to become smaller and more powerful.
Transistors(1947), Bell labs, reliable
Large mainframe computers like the – and – were developed. These
were primarily used by government agencies and large corporations for scientific and
–, requiring entire rooms due to their size.
Mainframe Computers (1950s), UNIVAC, IBM 701, business calculations
independently developed
the – by – and –, a revolutionary advancement that
allowed – and components to be packed
into a –.
Integrated Circuits (1958), Jack Kilby, Robert Noyce, multiple transistors, single silicone chip
was a family of
compatible – computers that
allowed businesses to upgrade without
losing their previous – in
software.
IBM System/360(1964), mainframe, investments
– was the first commercially available microprocessor, a computer’s
– on a single chip. This invention by – marked the – of the – revolution and set the stage for personal
computers.
Intel 4004 Microprocessor (1971), central processing unit (cpu), intel, beginning, microcomputer
– created the – , a hobbyist computer kit sold to
tech enthusiasts. It was one of the first – designed for
– use, with a display and keyboard.
Steve Wozniak and Steve Jobs, Apple l(1976), personal computers, individual
– released its first personal computer (PC) –, setting
a new standard in the industry. It featured an Intel
– and an operating system from
–
IBM, IBM PC (1981), microprocessor, Microsoft (MS-DOS)
– the first personal computer with a – and a mouse, making computers more user-friendly and accessible to
–.
Apple Macintosh (1984), Graphical user interface, non-experts
– invented the –
in –, revolutionizing how people accessed
and shared information globally.
Tim Berners Lee, World Wide Web, 1990s
– These phones combined
– , computing, and –, changing how people interacted with
technology daily.
Smartphones and Mobile Computing (2000s), telephony, internet access
allowed data
storage and processing to move online, accessible from anywhere.
Cloud Computing and AI (2010s)
allowed data
storage and processing to move online, accessible from anywhere.
Cloud Computing and AI (2010s)
– being developed to solve complex
problems beyond the capabilities
of – computers.
Quantum Computing(2020s), traditional
– reduces latency by
processing data closer to where
it is –.
Edge Computing (2020s), generated
– introduced the concept
of an algorithm in his work on algebra, which provided –
methods for solving equations. His name is the root of the term
– and his work laid the foundation for mathematical
problem-solving processes.
Al-Khwarizmi ‘s Algorithm (9th Century), Al-Khwarizmi, systematic, algorithm
– and – developed an
iterative numerical method called – to approximate the
roots of a real-valued function.
Isaac Newton and Joseph Raphson, Newton- Raphson Method (17th century)
– introduced – theory, solving the –
problem and the theory is called –
Leonhard Euler, graph theory, “Seven Bridges of Königsberg”, Euler’s Graph Theory(18th century)
– developed the –, which is used to solve linear
programming problems.
George Dantzig, Simplex Algorithm (1950s)
– developed an algorithm to find the shortest path between – in a
graph called –, which is fundamental in network routing, transportation, and communication
systems.
Edsger Djikstra, nodes, Djikstra’s Shortest Path Algorithm (1960s)
– developed an algorithm to find the shortest path between – in a
graph called –, which is fundamental in network routing, transportation, and communication
systems.
Edsger Djikstra, nodes, Djikstra’s Shortest Path Algorithm (1960s)
– introduced the –, which is one of the fastest and most
widely used sorting algorithms. It significantly improved – in computing by
dividing and conquering the problem.
Toany Hoare, Quicksort Algorithm (1970s), data sorting
– created the –,
which is based on the difficulty of factoring large prime numbers. This is a key
algorithm in modern –, securing everything from internet transactions to
confidential communications.
Ron Rivest, Adi Shamir, and Leonard Adleman, RSA Algorithms (1976), cryptography
– used in deep learning, became essential for tasks like
image and speech recognition. The idea that machines can – from data
transformed the landscape of algorithms.
Neural Networks (1980s), learn
Inspired by the process of natural selection, genetic algorithms use evolution-based
methods to solve optimization problems
Genetic Algorithms (1990s)
Developed by – and –, – became the core of Google’s
search engine, which ranks web pages based on their relevance and the number of
incoming links.
Larry Page and Sergey Brin, Google’s PageRank Algorithm (1990s-2000s)
– enable machines to interpret and process large datasets, such as in image
recognition, natural language processing, and – vehicles.
Deep Learning Algorithms (2010s), autonomous
represent the future frontier of problem-
solving and computational efficiency.
Quantum Algorithms (to present)
Father of Computer
Charles Babbage
First Computer Programmer
Ada Lovelace
Father of Modern Computing and AI
Alan Turing
Father of Modern Computer Architecture
John Von Neumann
Father of Boolean Logic
George Boole
Mother of Computing
Grace Hooper
Father of Information Theory
Claude Shannon
Fathers of Internet
Vint Cerf and Bob Kahn
Inventor of the WWW
Tim Berners-Lee
Founder of MS and pioneer of
Software
Bill Gates
Pioneers of Personal Computers
Steve Wozniak and Steve Jobs
