Evolution Flashcards
Key Figures in Computing
- Charles Babbage
- Ada Lovelace
- Alan Turing
- John Von Neumann
- George Boole
One of the earliest known computing tools, used in ancient civilizations
Abacus (-2,000 BC)
Invented by – , the – was a
mechanical analog device used for multiplication,
division, and complex functions like roots and
logarithms
William Oughtred, slide rule
Oughtred’s Slide Rule (1620)
– invented the – , a mechanical calculator
that used gears and wheels to add and subtract numbers. It was
the first machine to represent numbers mechanically and
perform calculations automatically.
Blaise Pascal, Pascaline(1642)
– improved Pascal’s design by creating
a machine that could multiply and divide as well as add and
subtract. He also developed the –, which became the foundation of modern computer systems.
Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, binary system
Leibniz’s Calculator (1672)
– automated loom used punched cards
to control the pattern of the cloth
Joseph Marie Jacquard, Jacquard’s Loom (1801)
– designed the Analytical Engine, considered
the first concept of a programmable computer. It had
features like an –, memory, and the
ability to use punched cards
for instructions
Charles Babbage, Arithmetic Logic Unit
Analytical Engine (1837)
– wrote the first algorithm
designed to be executed by Babbage’s Analytical Engine.
*She is considered the first computer programmer.
Foresaw that computers could go beyond
just – to create – or art.
*She is the first ever programmer.
Ada Lovelace, calculations, music.
Ada Lovelace’s Algorithm (1843)
– created a punched card machine to automate the U.S. Census. It
used – to read punched cards and greatly sped up data processing.
Herman Hollerith, electrical circuits
Hollerith Tabulating Machine (1890)
– a
theoretical device that could manipulate symbols and
perform any calculation if given a set of –
(algorithm). Created by
Turing Machine(1936), instructions, Alan Turing
– was the first general-purpose
electronic digital computer. Built by – and – at the
University of Pennsylvania, it used – and was capable of performing –
calculations much faster than human “computers.“
ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer) (1939-1944), John Mauchly, J. Presper Eckert, vacuum tubes, massive
– by – replaced vacuum tubes in computers, marking a
revolution in electronics. – were smaller, faster, and more –, paving
the way for modern computers to become smaller and more powerful.
Transistors(1947), Bell labs, reliable
Large mainframe computers like the – and – were developed. These
were primarily used by government agencies and large corporations for scientific and
–, requiring entire rooms due to their size.
Mainframe Computers (1950s), UNIVAC, IBM 701, business calculations
independently developed
the – by – and –, a revolutionary advancement that
allowed – and components to be packed
into a –.
Integrated Circuits (1958), Jack Kilby, Robert Noyce, multiple transistors, single silicone chip
was a family of
compatible – computers that
allowed businesses to upgrade without
losing their previous – in
software.
IBM System/360(1964), mainframe, investments
– was the first commercially available microprocessor, a computer’s
– on a single chip. This invention by – marked the – of the – revolution and set the stage for personal
computers.
Intel 4004 Microprocessor (1971), central processing unit (cpu), intel, beginning, microcomputer
– created the – , a hobbyist computer kit sold to
tech enthusiasts. It was one of the first – designed for
– use, with a display and keyboard.
Steve Wozniak and Steve Jobs, Apple l(1976), personal computers, individual
– released its first personal computer (PC) –, setting
a new standard in the industry. It featured an Intel
– and an operating system from
–
IBM, IBM PC (1981), microprocessor, Microsoft (MS-DOS)
Apple Macintosh (1984), Graphical user interface, non-experts
