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H Biology > Evolution > Flashcards

Evolution Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Adaptive Radiation

A

When a single species diversifies as a response to it’s environment (can be due to opportunity or challenge), the species evolves into multiple new species

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2
Q

Analogous Structure

A

Structures in different species that serve the same function but evolved separately

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3
Q

Artificial Selection

A

Selective breeding of organisms by humans for desired traits

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4
Q

Biogeography

A

The study of the geographic distribution of organisms

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5
Q

Bottlenecking

A

A drastic decline in the population of an organism due to environmental activity

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6
Q

Coevolution

A

Mutual evolution of species brought about by their interactions between each other (ex: flowers and bees)

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7
Q

Convergent Evolution

A

Independent evolution of similar traits in unrelated species due to similar environments

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8
Q

Directional Selection

A

When a specifics phenotype is favored over another and their is an increase in production of said phenotype

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9
Q

Disruptive Selection

A

Favors both phenotypes (one or the other) causing there to not really be an average (ex: a society with only super tall people and super short people)

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10
Q

Emigration

A

Leaving one’s country to live in another

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11
Q

Endemic

A

Native/Restricted to a certain area

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12
Q

Evolutionary fitness

A

The ability for an organism to survive and reproduce in its environment

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13
Q

Faunal Succession

A

A process that determines when an organism was present in a particular area

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14
Q

Fossils

A

Persevered remains/traces of an ancient organism

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15
Q

Founder Effect

A

Genetic drift when a species colonizes a new area

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16
Q

Gene Flow

A

Transfer of genetic variety from population to population

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17
Q

Gene Pool

A

The total collection of genes within a population

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18
Q

Genetic Drift

A

Change in allele occurrence due to random chance

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19
Q

Gradualism

A

The theory that evolution occurs slowly and gradually

20
Q

Hardy-Weinberg Principle

A

Allele frequency will remain constant from generation to generation unless acted upon by outside influences

21
Q

Heterozygous Advantage

A

Heterozygotes have greater reproductive success than homozygotes

22
Q

Homology

A

Similarity in characteristics due to shared ancestry

23
Q

Immigration

A

Permanently moving into an area from which a species is not native to

24
Q

Mutation

A

Change in the DNA sequence of an organism

25
Q

Neutral Variation

A

Genetic variation that is neither positive or negative

26
Q

Outcrop

A

Exposure of either bedrock or ancient deposits

27
Q

Paleontology

A

The study of prehistoric life through fossils

28
Q

Phylogeny

A

The evolutionary history of a species

29
Q

Polyploidy

A

The possession of more than two sets of chromosomes

30
Q

Post Zygotic Barriers

A

Barriers to reproduction that occurs after fertilization (ex: incapability to survive embryonic stages)

31
Q

Pre Zygotic Barrier

A

Barriers to reproduction before fertilization (ex: preferences of habitats causing two species to not interact)

32
Q

Punctuated Equilibirum

A

A theory of evolution that organisms undergo little evolutionary changes for most of their existence with brief rapid changes

33
Q

Random Mating

A

Mating without regard to genetic makeup

34
Q

Reproductive Isolation

A

The inability of members of a population to breed with members of another population

35
Q

Sedimentary Rock

A

Rock formed from sediment that has been deposited and undergone considerable pressure

36
Q

Sexual Dimorphism

A

Physical differences between males and females

37
Q

Sexual Selection

A

Natural selection arising through one sex preferring certain characteristics of Individuals of another sex

38
Q

Species

A

A group of organisms capable of producing fertile offspring

39
Q

Stabilizing Selection

A

Natural selection that favors intermediate variants opposed to phenotypic extremes (ex: medium height people instead of either short or tall)

40
Q

Strata

A

Layers of rock

41
Q

Superposition

A

Each layer of rock is younger than the one beneath it

42
Q

Superposition

A

Each layer of sedimentary rock is younger than the one below and older than the one above

43
Q

Survival of the Fittest

A

Best adapted organism will survive and reproduce

44
Q

Origin of Species

A

A book written by Darwin that introduced natural selection

45
Q

Uniformitarianism

A

The same geologic principles that were present in the past are present today

46
Q

Vestigial Structure

A

A useless structure in an organism (ex: human tailbone)

H Biology (2 decks)

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