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Potassium 23-24 > Evolution > Flashcards

Evolution Flashcards

1
Q

The Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection:

It’s central themes revolved around evolution with the definition of “descent with modification”

Evolution can be viewed in two ways what are those two ways?

A
  1. as a pattern
  2. as a process
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2
Q

The gradualistic Concept stated that geologic changes occur slowly. This was a theory of which geologist that also believed in uniformitarianism?

A

James Hutton (Father of Geology)

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3
Q

What was Thomas Malthus’ Argument

A

Principle of Population

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4
Q

Catastrophism was an argument of who?

A

Georges Cuvier, stated that activities are done through a fast process

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5
Q

It was a Theory of both Charles Lyell and James Hutton

A

Uniformitarianism - geologic changes occur through long periods of time.

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6
Q

Jean Baptiste Lamarck believed in…

A

acquired traits or the theory of use and disuse

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7
Q

Darwin based his theory of natural selection on what he observed in the real world. These 4 observations were…

A
  • variation
    (variation within individuals, inherited for natural selection to be true)
  • overpopulation
    (the ability of a species to produce numerous offspring)
  • limits on population growth
    (resources become limited when there are more indicvduals in a population, may cause competition)
  • differential reproductive success
    (some organisms have better traits than others which help them live longer and reproduce)
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8
Q

Do individuals evolve? TRUE or FALSE?

A

FALSE. It is the population that does.

Evolutionary change is based on the genes of populations through time

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9
Q

Natural selection can only act on heritable traits that differ within a population. TRUE or FALSE?

A

True. Traits are heritable in order for natural selection to be true

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10
Q

traits that nature will select is a moing target. TRUE or FLASE?

A

True. Some characteristics can be beneficial or detrimental depending on the environment.

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11
Q

What are the 8 (eight) evidences of evolution?

A
  1. Biogeography
  2. Geologic history
    - continental drift, plate tectonics, pangaea
  3. Paleontology
    - FOSSILS
  4. Comparative anatomy
    • Homolugous, Analogous and Vestigial structures
  5. Developmental Biology
    • similarities and differences in organisms’ patterns of development
  6. Molecular Biology
  7. Artificial Selection
  8. Resistance/Mutation
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12
Q

EVIDENCES: Biogeography: What is it?

A
  • it is the study of distributions of animals and plants on earth
  • continental drifts/plate tectonics
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13
Q

EVIDENCES: Geologic History: What is it?

A

As continents began to drift apart, the population became geographically isolated in environmental conditions which lead to the diversity of organisms

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14
Q

EVIDENCES: Paleontology

A

Fossil records show a progression form different organisms and provide a record of ancient organisms. They also provide evidences form preexisting species and how they developed.

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15
Q

EVIDENCES: Comparative Anatomy: What is it?

A

Homoplasy - features that demonstrate that different organisms with separate ancestries adapt in similar ways.

Comparative Anatomy - existence of vestigial features like the appendix, body hair and wisdom teeth.

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16
Q

EVIDENCES: Developmental Biology

A

Evidences demonstrate the development of animals is controlled by the same genes meaning that during our zygote phase, we reflect a shared evolutionary history

17
Q

EVIDENCES: Molecular Biology: What is it?

A

Our DNA rose from a common ancestor

18
Q

EVIDENCES: Artificial Selection: What is it?

A

Selection with the involvement of humans

19
Q

EVIDENCES: Antibiotic Resistance/Mutation

A

Occurs when bacterias change in response to the use of these medicines and therefore creates a resistance to them.

20
Q

Evolution pertains to the what of the population over generations

A

change in the allele frequencies

21
Q

it is the smallest level of organization where evolution can happen

A

population

22
Q

One of the key elements needed for evolution to happen is genetic and phenotypic variation. What are they?

A

genetic - variations in the genetic composition
phenotypic - traits of individuals

23
Q

it is the differences among individuals based on their DNA.

A

Genetic variation
- it is reflected through phenotypic variation in terms of their characteristics and traits

24
Q

What are the 4 sources of genetic variation?

A

Mutation
- change in the genetic sequence of an individual, it is random and only ones that happen in sex cells contribute to the evolution

Alteration of gene number
- results in errors in cell division
- these may accumulate over time and will give rise to new traits or phenotypes

Rapid reproduction
- usually in unicellular organisms that will increase the probability of mutation in a population

Sexual Reproduction
- incudes variation since the genes of the parents are being shuffled

Potassium 23-24 (12 decks)

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