evolution

Question 1

charles darwin

Answer 1

evolution by natural selection

Question 2

Lamarck

Answer 2

evolution by the inheritance of acquired traits

Question 3

evolution

Answer 3

genetic change in a population or species over generations

Question 4

comparative anatomy

Answer 4

comparing the body structures of different species

Question 5

homologous structures

Answer 5

structures in common between species that have been inherited from a common ancestor

Question 6

divergent evolution

Answer 6

when body parts with similar structures perform the same function

Question 7

convergent evolution

Answer 7

when body parts with different structures perform the same function

Question 8

Analogous structures

Answer 8

when different species grow the similar traits and structures due to their environment

Question 9

vestigial structures

Answer 9

remnants of a feature which is no longer used anymore

Question 10

comparative embryology

Answer 10

similar embryo patterns show organisms that have common ancestors

Question 11

conditions for natural selection

Answer 11

occurs when:
1. more individuals are born than can survive
2. there is natural heritable variation
3. there is a variable fitness among individuals

Question 12

adaptation

Answer 12

heritable characteristic which increases an organism’s chance of survival

Question 13

fitness

Answer 13

how well an organism can survive and reproduce in its environment

Question 14

natural selection

Answer 14

reproduction

Question 15

gene pool

Answer 15

genes that are present in a population

Question 16

allele frequency

Answer 16

number of times a allele occurs in a gene pool

Question 17

genetic drift

Answer 17

a random change in allele frequency

Question 18

bottleneck effect

Answer 18

genetic drift from a drastic reductino in population size

Question 19

founder effect

Answer 19

genetic drift from the creation of a new popultation which has a smaller gene pool when compared to the parent pool

Question 20

gene flow

Answer 20

gain or loss of alleles doe to movement in or out of a population

Question 21

speciation

Answer 21

the process where one species splits into 2 or more groups

Question 22

species

Answer 22

a group of organisms that breed with one another and create offsprings

Question 23

gradualism

Answer 23

evolution of a process of slow and constant change

Question 24

punctuated equilibrium

Answer 24

change that occurs in rapid bursts after long periods of stability

Question 25

reproductive isolation

Answer 25

when 2 groups of the same species can no longer interbreed

Question 26

behavioral isolation

Answer 26

when 2 populations are able to breed develop different courtship patterns with prevents them from doing so

Question 27

temporal isolation

Answer 27

2 populations which differ in periods of activity or reproductive cycles

Question 28

geographic isolation

Answer 28

when populations are separated by geographical features

Question 29

mechanical isolation

Answer 29

when 2 populations have different features

Question 30

ecological isolation

Answer 30

when 2 populations have different habitats

Question 31

niche

Answer 31

role and space of a species within an ecosystem

Question 32

Linnaeus

Answer 32

developed binomial nomenclature meaning scientific names for animals

Question 33

linnaean classification

Answer 33

species organized into a hierarchy of ranking through the anatomical similarities and differences

Question 34

phylogeny

Answer 34

the study of how living and extinct organisms are related to one another

Question 35

Cladograms

Answer 35

tree like structure that shows how organisms are related