EVMS-Prooerties of water test

Question 1

What is water’s chemical formula?

Answer 1

H₂O

A water molecule consists of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom.

Question 2

What two atoms is a water molecule made up of?

Answer 2

Two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom

This forms the chemical formula H₂O.

Question 3

What is adhesion in relation to water?

Answer 3

Water molecules stick to other substances

Example: Water flowing on surfaces.

Question 4

What is cohesion in relation to water?

Answer 4

Water molecules that stick to each other

Example: Water transport in plants and animals.

Question 5

What is surface tension?

Answer 5

Properties that allow water to resist an external force

Example: A bee resting on water.

Question 6

What does it mean that water is a universal solvent?

Answer 6

Everything can dissolve in the cell making it move faster

Example: Salt and sugar dissolving in water.

Question 7

What is the heat capacity of water?

Answer 7

Water can absorb a lot of heat energy and releases it slowly

Example: Temperature of oceans does not change quickly.

Question 8

What are water’s three states?

Answer 8

1. Solid
2. Liquid
3. Gas

Question 9

What is the boiling point of water?

Answer 9

100 Degrees

Question 10

What is the freezing point of water?

Answer 10

0 Degrees

Question 11

What is the particle model?

Answer 11

Heat gives particles energy, cold gives particles less energy

All particles are the same size but spaced differently.

Question 12

What is density?

Answer 12

Describes how tightly packed together something is

Density is calculated by mass divided by volume.

Question 13

What is the order of density in water’s three states from most to least dense?

Answer 13

1. Liquid (Water)
2. Solid (Ice)
3. Gas (Vapor/Steam)

Question 14

Why does ice float?

Answer 14

Ice is less dense than water

When water freezes, its molecules form a structure that spreads them out.

Question 15

What is the significance of ice floating on liquid water?

Answer 15

Helps insulate lakes and oceans, protecting aquatic life

Maintains stable temperatures in ecosystems.

Question 16

What is the water cycle?

Answer 16

The way water moves around the Earth

Includes processes like precipitation, evaporation, and condensation.

Question 17

What is precipitation?

Answer 17

Water falls from the sky (rain/snow/hail)

Question 18

What is evaporation?

Answer 18

Turns liquid to gas

Question 19

What is condensation?

Answer 19

Turns gas into liquid

Question 20

What is transpiration?

Answer 20

Plants release water vapor

Question 21

What is infiltration?

Answer 21

Water soaks into the ground

Question 22

What is run-off?

Answer 22

Flow of water on the ground

Question 23

What is thermal energy?

Answer 23

Heat energy that flows from a hotter object to a cooler one

Temperature measures how hot or cold something is.

Question 24

What are the types of thermal energy transfer?

Answer 24

1. Conduction
2. Convection
3. Radiation

Question 25

What are conductors?

Answer 25

Materials that allow thermal energy to flow easily ## Footnote Examples: Paper clip, penny, pencil lead.

Question 26

What are insulators?

Answer 26

Materials that don’t allow thermal energy to flow ## Footnote Examples: Cotton, rubber, styrofoam.

Question 27

How does heat transfer by conduction work?

Answer 27

Heat moves through solids by direct contact ## Footnote Example: Heating one end of a metal rod.

Question 28

How does heat transfer by convection work?

Answer 28

Heat moves through liquids or gases ## Footnote Example: Hot water rising in boiling water.

Question 29

What is urbanization?

Answer 29

The growth of urban areas

Question 30

What are the negative impacts of urbanization?

Answer 30

1. Loss of green spaces 2. Pollution 3. Traffic congestion 4. Overcrowding

Question 31

What are the types of water pollution?

Answer 31

1. Organic 2. Inorganic 3. Sediment 4. Temperature (Thermal Pollution) 5. Nutrients (Runoff)

Question 32

What is biodegradable waste?

Answer 32

Living things that break down waste

Question 33

What is non-biodegradable waste?

Answer 33

Wastes that don't break down in nature ## Footnote Examples: Lead, mercury, soil.

Question 34

What is sediment pollution?

Answer 34

Soil erosion in water bodies

Question 35

What are the effects of sediment pollution?

Answer 35

1. Reduces light for aquatic plant growth 2. Suffocates water organisms

Question 36

What is eutrophication?

Answer 36

Organic wastes broken down by microorganisms, removing oxygen ## Footnote Excess wastes lead to rapid microorganism growth.

Question 37

What is bioaccumulation?

Answer 37

Toxins absorbed into plants and passed down the food chain

Question 38

What factors affect the amount of dissolved oxygen in water?

Answer 38

1. Water movement 2. Temperature 3. Dead plants 4. Microorganism count 5. Nitrogen and phosphates

Question 39

What are independent and dependent variables?

Answer 39

Independent variable is changed or controlled; dependent variable is measured or observed

Question 40

How do macroinvertebrates help indicate water quality?

Answer 40

Sensitive to changes in water quality; different species show varying pollution tolerance ## Footnote Example: Dragonfly nymphs and mayflies indicate poor water quality.

Question 41

What is water turbidity?

Answer 41

The clearness of water caused by pollutants

Question 42

How can turbidity be measured?

Answer 42

Using a secchi disk