EVJ 2019 Flashcards
ACVS Large Animal Phase 2
Biermann et al
EVJ 2019
“four different pre surgical hand antiseptic techniques”
Design:
-A 4% CHx-based product applied with either a scrub or rub technique, one sole ABR (ET; 80% ethanol) and one CHx/alcohol-combination (CHx/ ET; 1% CHx and 61% ethanol) product both applied with a rub technique were evaluated. Samples were collected by glove juice technique and cultured on 3MTM Petrifilm plates and counted using a 3MTM Petrifilm plate reader.
Results:
-Immediate mean bacterial log10 colony forming unit (CFU) reduction was 2.4 for CHx-scrub, 2.8 for CHx-rub, 3.1 for CHx/ET and 2.1 for ET.
-CHx/ ET resulted in significantly lower bacterial counts than CHx-scrub (P<0.005) and ET (P<0.001) while CHx-rub resulted in significantly lower counts than ET (P<0.001).
-At the end of surgery bacterial counts were the lowest for CHx-rub, significantly lower than CHx/ET (P<0.001) and ET (P<0.001).
-There was no difference between CHx-rub and -scrub techniques (P = 0.7).
Khan et al
EVJ 2019
“continuous fluid admin per rectum”
Set Up: for rectal fluid administration, a 24 Fr enema tube was placed into the rectum at arm’s length, secured to the tail using bandage material. A coiled fluid administration set was connected to the flush enema tube at the tail and a diaper was placed to catch urine and feces.
Results:
-Heart rate decreased with rectal fluid treatment (P<0.001) and with i.v. treatment (P = 0.01).
-The rectal temperature at 6 h with rectal fluid treatment was lower than 0 h and also lower than control at 6 h (P<0.001).
-There was no difference in mucous membrane colour, CRT or peripheral pulse quality in any treatment or within the control (data not shown).
- Faecal and urine output was not significantly different between treatments.
-Rectal fluid administration with plain water was well tolerated and caused clinical chemistry changes consistent with haemodilution, indicating absorption.
-Mean (95% confidence interval) PCV decreased from 40% [40–42] at 0 h to 35% [34–36] at 6 h during rectal fluid treatment (P<0.001), similar to decreases in PCV occurring also with i.v. and nasogastric (NGT) treatment (P<0.001).
-The TS also decreased with i.v. and rectal fluid (P<0.001).
-There was a decrease in bodyweight in the control (P<0.001) but not with any of the fluid treatments.
Hoagland et al
EVJ 2019
“dorsolateral versus medial approach to centrodistal joint”
-Without radiographic assistance, 10/25 (40%) joints were successfully injected using either the medial or dorsolateral approach.
-With radiographic assistance 19/24 (79%) joints were successfully injected using the medial approach and 11/24 (46%) joints were successfully injected using the dorsolateral approach.
Chidlow et al
EVJ 2019
“neonates ICU, performance as adults”
-Sixty-eight percent (269/394) of registered foals raced, compared with 79% (697/880) of registered siblings.
-Foals with prematurity/dysmaturity (P = 0.002) and those with orthopaedic disease (P = 0.007) were significantly less likely to race than their siblings.
-Premature/dysmature foals also had significantly fewer starts and wins and lower earnings than siblings.
-Foals with orthopaedic disorders had a lower percentage of wins, relative to their siblings.
-There was no significant association between racing performance and other disease categories.
Stewart et al
EVJ 2019
“fecal microbiota colic vs elective”
-Fecal bacterial communities in horses presenting for colic had fewer species (P<0.001) and lower diversity (P<0.001) compared with horses presenting for elective surgical procedures.
-Based on the PERMANOVA analysis, there was a significant difference in the bacterial community composition between horses admitted for colic vs. elective procedures (P = 0.001).
-Based on ANCOM test, at the genus level, 14 bacterial lineages differed between the two groups. The relative abundance of known commensal bacteria including Prevotella, Clostridia, Lachnospiraceae were reduced whereas Christenellaceae, Streptococcus and Sphaerochaeta were increased in horses with colic when compared with elective cases.
Ziegler et al
EVJ 2019
“banamine and firocoxib, SI strangulation”
-In 56 recruited SISO horses, either flunixin meglumine (1.1 mg/kg, i.v., q12h) or firocoxib (0.3 mg/kg, i.v. loading dose; 0.1 mg/kg, i.v., q24h) was given in the post-operative period in three university hospitals from 2015 to 2017.
-Both drugs inhibited the COX-2 prostanoid PGE2. There were no significant differences in pain scores between groups (P = 0.2).
-However, there was a 3.23-fold increased risk (P = 0.04) of increased plasma sCD14 in horses treated with flunixin meglumine, a validated biomarker of equine endotoxaemia.
Codina et al
EVJ 2019
“umbilical resection in foals”
-Eighty-two foals underwent umbilical remnant resection of which 73 (89.0%) survived to discharge.
-The urachus was the most commonly affected structure being patent and/or infected in 84.1% of cases.
-Concurrent diseases were present in 60.6% of foals prior to surgery, with diarrhoea and septic arthritis being most common. The presence of preoperative septic arthritis and/or physitis were significantly associated with nonsurvival (OR 33; 95% confidence interval 1.1–985.2; P = 0.04).
-Longer anesthesia time (OR 1.4; 95% confidence interval 1.1–1.7; P = 0.02) and failure of passive transfer of immunoglobulins (OR 5.9; 95% confidence interval 1.2–29.04; P = 0.03) were associated with increased odds for post-operative complications.
Machin et al
EVJ 2019
“methylprednisolone 6 days after intrasynovial injection”
- The MP plasma concentration at 6 days for injection for the entire group was 96 +/- 104 pg/mL
-The carpal joints (CJO) group had a lower plasma MP concentration (P<0.05) than the distal tarsal joints (DTJ) or medial femorotibial (MFT), the no HA (NHA) group had a lower plasma MP concentration (P<0.05) than HA.
-combining MP acetate with HA may prolong its clearance
Kadic et al
EVJ 2019
“marginal tears/avulsions suspensory branches”
-Twenty-nine cases fulfilled the inclusion criteria with a specific lesion location on the abaxial margin of the suspensory ligament branch.
-Nineteen horses raced successfully after surgery, nine returned to training but failed to race and one was lost to follow-up.
-Injury to the lateral suspensory branch was most common (79.3%) of which 92% were identified in the forelimbs.
-There was palpable thickening of and/or adjacent to all affected SLBs. This was greatest on the abaxial and palmar/plantar margins with loss in palmar/plantar definition of the SLB insertion (Fig 1).
Hackett et al
EVJ 2019
“Exercising UR findings in 50 competition draft horses”
*exam committee
-Fifty competition draught horses were examined. Thirteen had previously undergone URT surgery. There was significant correlation between resting and exercising laryngeal function (q = 0.77, P<0.01).
-Abnormalities were detected in 46 horses and included arytenoid cartilage collapse (n = 31), vocal fold collapse (n = 27), palatal dysfunction (n = 14), epiglottic disorders (n = 11), dynamic laryngeal collapse (n = 1), rostral deviation of the palatopharyngeal arch (n = 3) and medial deviation of the aryepiglottic folds (n = 16).
-The majority of horses had a complex of abnormalities (n = 31) or required exercising examination for identification (n = 41).
-Incidental upper oesophageal incompetence was observed in nine horses.
*The spectrum of upper airway conditions identified in exercising draught horses supports the use of overground endoscopy as a diagnostic technique and could influence treatment considerations.
Ursini et al
EVJ 2019
“local injection site adverse reactions stem cells”
-BM-MSCs proliferated and underwent differentiation.
-Cells were found to be negative for MHC-II (<2%) and were viable after cryopreservation and shipping.
-Ten of 230 (4.35%) injections were noted to be associated with an adverse reaction.
-Adverse reactions occurred in synovial structures (n = 3) and in soft tissues (n = 7).
Extra Information
-Two reactions occurred in forelimb suspensory ligaments, three in forelimb flexor tendons, two in forelimb distal interphalangeal joint collateral ligaments, two in navicular bursae and one in a medial femorotibial joint. All reactions that occurred were after the first injection.
-An increase in number of lifetime exposures to MSCs from the same donor was not associated with a significant increase in reaction rate (P = 0.07).
-Receiving a larger dose in one structure was not associated with an adverse reaction (P = 0.09).
-There was no significant difference in reactions based on gender (P = 0.7). Injections performed into the right front limb were significantly more likely to react than any other limb (P = 0.004).
-Having a second injury treated at the same time was not significantly associated with having a reaction (P = 0.3).
-Three of 14 (21.4%) synovial injections reacted, which was significantly greater than all soft tissue injuries besides forelimb collateral ligament injuries of the distal interphalangeal joint (P<0.0001).
-Synovial injections and forelimb distal interphalangeal collateral ligament injections were significantly more likely to react than other structures (P<0.05, Table 1).
Ramzan et al
EVJ 2019
“novel radiograph projection, sagittal plane, 3rd carpal bone”
From a first opinion Thoroughbred racehorse caseload, cases were included for analysis if sagittal fracture of the third carpal bone was evident on a dorsoproximal lateral-palmarodistal medial oblique (DPrL-PDiMO) projection of the distal row of carpal bones and not visible on the standard dorsoproximal-dorsodistal oblique (DPr-DDiO) projection.
Eight cases in which radiological identification of fracture was dependent on the DPrL-PDiMO projection were identified from August 2013 to August 2017.
McGivney et al
EVJ 2019
“overground endoscopy in young TBs”
Seventy-eight horses (median age 2.4 years) with 195 resting endoscopic examinations including 72/78 horses with 179 pre-exercise and exercising OGE examinations were evaluated.
Median time between examinations was 226.5 days with no differences between exercise and physiological parameters.
Grades significantly varied between examinations for all disorders, and in particular for palatal instability (PI) and epiglottic grade at rest.
A temporal link between examination interval and disorder grade change was identified for PI and resting arytenoid asymmetry. OGE re-examinations within a shorter, more consistent time-frame would allow determination of intrahorse variability.
McGivney et al
EVJ 2019
“endoscopic tip placement”
Disorders with ≤10% prevalence were excluded from the final analysis with only arytenoid asymmetry at exercise (AAex), vocal fold collapse (VFC), palatal dysfunction (PD) and medial deviation of the aryepiglottic folds (MDAF) included. The association of endoscope position and FI with URT disorders was assessed using ordinal regression models with P≤0.05 significant.
endoscope tip positioned either rostrally (position A) or caudally (position B) in the pharynx.
Results:
-Endoscope tip positioning was significantly associated with PD grading (P = 0.002), with 63/100 horses diagnosed with PD in position A and 45/100 in position B.
-No other significant direct associations between URT disease and endoscope tip position were identified, although interactions between exercise velocity and endoscope position affected MDAF grade.
-FI was not directly associated with alterations in disorder grading, although interactions between exercise velocity and FI appeared to affect MDAF grade.
McGivney et al
EVJ 2019
“signalment and conformational measurements in TB racehorses with RLN”
Most strongly correlated in cases were wither height with body weight (r = 0.70) and ventral neck length (r = 0.68) and in controls body weight with rostral neck circumference (r = 0.58).
Wither height was the predominant conformational feature associated with RLN.
