Evidences of Evolution

Question 1

remains of organisms that lived long ago

Answer 1

fossils

Question 2

mostly found in sedimentary rocks

Answer 2

preserved fossils

Question 3

tell us that species are not immutable

Question 4

what is a geological time scale

Answer 4

a record of the life forms and geological events in Earth’s history

Question 5

scientists develop the time scale by studying (2)

Answer 5

rock layers
fossils

Question 6

how old is the Earth

Answer 6

4.5 billion years old

Question 7

the earliest known cells are found in

Answer 7

3.5b year old rocks

Question 8

earliest known eukaryotic cells date to

Answer 8

1.5b years

Question 9

earliest multicellular animals date to

Answer 9

650m years

Question 10

earliest land animals

Answer 10

450m years

Question 11

earliest mammals

Answer 11

230m years

Question 12

what happened 65m years ago

Answer 12

mass extinction

Question 13

what happened 4.5m years ago

Answer 13

human family tree diverged from other apes

Question 14

eras (3)

Answer 14

cenozoic
mesozoic
paleozoic

Question 15

periods in the cenozoic era (2)

Answer 15

quaternary
tertiary

Question 16

mesozoic era (3)

Answer 16

cretaceous
jurassic
triassic

Question 17

paleozoic era (6)

Answer 17

permian
carboniferous
devonian
silurian
ordovician
cambrian

Question 18

biogeography

Answer 18

study of the distribution of plants and animals

Question 19

Philip Sclater

Answer 19

a bird specialist who divided the world into 6 biogeographical regions in 1857

Question 20

phytogeography

Answer 20

study of the historical processes that may be responsible for the past to present geographic distributions if genealogical lineages

Question 21

Alfred Wegner

Answer 21

proposed the Theory of Continental Drift in 1915
continents have undergone large movements over the past 300m years

Question 22

how did continental drift affect the evolution of life on Earth

Answer 22

separated species. those who were able to interbreed became isolated from one another. this allowed them to acquire certain adaptations and made them incompatible or unable to work/exist together due to their differences

Question 23

homologous structures

Answer 23

similar structure that can be found in very different animals, often pointing towards a common ancestor

Question 24

analogous structures

Answer 24

structures that serve a similar function but are not derived from a common ancestor

Question 25

vestigial structures

Answer 25

structures that are underdeveloped and seemingly useless, but may be fully developed and function in related organisms

Question 26

molecular clocks

Answer 26

powerful tool for estimating the dates of lineage-splitting events

Question 27

macroevolution

Answer 27

refers to evolution above the species level

Question 28

patterns of macroevolution (2)

Answer 28

adaptive radiation
phyletic evolution

Question 29

adaptive radiation

Answer 29

a single ancestor givers rise to a number of new species

Question 30

phyletic evolution

Answer 30

gradual changes in a single lineage

Question 31

other patterns of evolution (4)

Answer 31

divergent evolution
convergent evolution
parallel evolution
coevolution

Question 32

occurs when a single lineage splits to give new forms

Answer 32

divergent evolution

Question 33

describes evolution towards similar traits in unrelated species

Answer 33

convergent evolution

Question 34

when two species are similar in a particular characteristic, it is only convergent evolution if their

Answer 34

ancestors were not similar

Question 35

evolutionary pattern that is seen in groups of organisms that are closely related

Answer 35

parallel evolution

Question 36

after organisms diverge from a common ancestor, these organisms continue to ___ because

Answer 36

resemble one another, they have been subjected to the same adaptive pressures

Question 37

coevolution

Answer 37

two unrelated groups are selective agents for each other