Evidence Based medicine Flashcards
What is a cohort study?
A study that compares the outcomes of groups of individuals who are alike in ways (eg. born in same area) but differ by a certain characteristic.
Usually reassess and follow the group of people of years
What is a cross sectional study?
A type of research study in which you collect data from many different individuals at a single point in time
What is a case controlled study
A study comparing two groups of people, those with the disease or condition under study (cases) and a very similar group of people who do not have the disease or condition (controls)
An experiment or clinical trial in which two groups are used for comparison purpose. Ina controlled exposure study one group is usually exposed to a substance and those in the control are not (often given a placebo)
what disease in the best study design to research the cause of a disease
cohort
what is a randomised controlled trial
prospective study that measures effectiveness of a new intervention or treatment
What is the definition of statistical significance?
the result of a study is unlikely to have arisen by chance alone
what is it called when there is no longer any need to sample more people to reach new conclusions or to back up or challenge existing conclusions?
saturation
how do you calculate absolute risk?
the number of events in treated or controlled groups divided by the number of people in the group
how do calculate the absolute risk reduction?
Absolute risk of control group - absolute risk of treatment group
How do you calculate the relative risk reduction?
(Absolute risk of control - absolute risk of treatment) divided by absolute risk of control
How do you calculate the number needed to treat?
1 divided by absolute risk reduction
