Evidence Flashcards

Lectures 24-26

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1
Q

What organization has the shortened name WMO?

A

World Meteorological Organization

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2
Q

What organization has the shortened name UNEP?

A

United Nations Environmental Program

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3
Q

What organization has the shortened name IPCC?

A

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

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4
Q

What year was the IPCC created?

A

1988

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5
Q

What is the role of the IPCC?

A

To assess the scientific, technical and socio-economic information relevant for the understanding of the risk of human-included climate change

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6
Q

True or False: IPCC does are their own research and bases their reports on their own results.

A

False: the IPCC does none of their own research and their information is obtained through peer-reviewed and published scientific journals.

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7
Q

The IPCC has three different working groups. What is the job of working group number one?

A

Assesses the scientific aspects of the climate system and climate change
-is the reported info actually occurring

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8
Q

Which working group accesses limiting GHG emissions and decreasing climate change? Basically, what are we going to do about our climate change problems?

A

Working group number three.

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9
Q

What is the job of working group number two?

A

Addresses the vulnerability of socio-economic and natural systems to climate change, negative and positive consequences of climate change, and options for adapting to it
-How is it going to affect us

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10
Q

During the IPCC WG1 sequence, in 1990 what did the IPCC research?

A

broad overview of climate change science, discussion of uncertainties and evidence for warming

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11
Q

In what year did the WG1 5th Assessment Report come out?

A

December of 2013

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12
Q

The 5th Assessment Report was written by 1000 authors from 63 different countries, with three different drafts being written and checked over. What was the baseline of the AR5?

A

The world’s quality of life was declining and we needed to do something about it fast

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13
Q

True or False: The 5th Assessment Report was not sure if global warming was actually occurring.

A

False: the IPCC were sure global warming was/is occurring

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14
Q

Why did the 5th Assessment Report state the climate change will continue in the future?

A

The carbon emissions humans have produced over the past however many years have not even hit the earth yet- meaning we have not felt its effects yet.

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15
Q

In what year could the earth no longer absorb CO2?

A

1960

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16
Q

What was the key statement of the 5th Assessment Report?

A

“warming of the climate system is unequivocal, and since the 1950’s, many of the observed changes are unprecedented over decades to millennia. The atmosphere and oceans have warmed, the amounts of snow and ice have diminished, sea level has risen, and concentration of greenhouse gases has increased.”

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17
Q

True or False: According to the AR5 each of the last three decades has been successively warmer at the earth’s surface than any preceding decades since 1850.

A

True

18
Q

What did the AR5 say dominated the increase in energy stored in the climate system, accounting for more than 90% of the energy accumulated between 1971 and 2010?

A

Ocean Warming

19
Q

In meters, what levels of the ocean, starting at the surface, warmed from 1971 to 2010?

A

0-700 meters

20
Q

As of 2018, how much has the Arctic summer sea ice extent decreased?

A

Down to 4 million km^2

21
Q

According to the AR5, Over the past _ decades, the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets have been losing mass, glaciers have continued to shrink almost worldwide, and arctic sea ice and Northern Hemisphere spring snow cover have continued to decrease in extent.

A

2 decades

22
Q

How much has the Northern Hemisphere warming added to the global sea level?

A

8 mm

23
Q

The global sea level increased by ____ between 1901 and 2010.

A

19 mm

24
Q

True or False: According to the AR5, over the past 800 000 years, the levels of carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide have stayed relatively constant.

A

False: they have increased to alarming levels.

25
Q

Since pre-industrial times how much has the worlds atmospheric CO2 levels increased by (in %)?

A

40%

26
Q

How much of the anthropogenic and carbon dioxide increase since pre-industrial times has the ocean absorbed? How has this affected the ocean?

A

The ocean has absorbed 30% of the increase, leading to ocean acidification.

27
Q

True or False: According to the AR5 global precipitation will increase with global temperatures increasing.

A

True

28
Q

True or False: There is low confidence that the contrast of annual precipitation between dry and wet regions and that the contrast between wet and dry seasons will increase over most of the globe

A

False: There is very high confidence that these events will happen.

29
Q

With an increase in global precipitation, what would occur in disaster regions (i.e. India Monsoon Areas)?

A

Disasters in disaster regions would also increase.

30
Q

According to the AR5, what will increase in the high northern latitudes by the end of the 21st century and why?

A

Flooding from the increase in spring and winter precipitation.

31
Q

True or False: in the past 100 years the 3 greatest floods have happened.

A

False: only in the past 30 years.

32
Q

What are the variable(s) will our future climate depend on?

A

Inherent variability
Social and economic choices
Response of the earth system

33
Q

RCP’s encompass a range of plausible futures- what does RCP stand for?

A

Representative Concentration Pathways `

34
Q

According to the AR5, global temperatures are likely to exceed __C for all RCP’s except RCP 2.6 by the end of the 21st century and likely to exceed _C for RCP 6.0

A

1.5, 2

35
Q

True or False: According to the AR5 temperature changes will be uniform

A

False: they will not be uniform at all

36
Q

Very high confidence that globally averaged changes over land will exceed changes over oceans. The arctic region is projected to ____ the most.

A

Warm

37
Q

What place in the world could lead to a 7 meter rise in sea level?

A

Greenland

38
Q

If monsoonal season shut down in India, what that be a positive or negative event for the country? Why?

A

It would be a negative event for the country, for India would become a very dry place.

39
Q

Atlantic circulation patter, arctic sea ice loss, amazon forest and monsoonal circulations are all examples of what?

A

Changes in the climate system that could potentially exhibit abrupt or nonlinear changes.

40
Q

When are we supposed to get the next IPCC report?

A

April of 2021.

41
Q

What years did the 4 IPCC WG1 sequences occur?

A

1990, 1995, 2001 and 2007