Evidence Flashcards
How are ice cores dated?
Layers, volcanic event markers, and radiometric techniques
How is solar forcing analysed?
10Be and 14C influenced by solar activity
How do 10Be and 14C infer solar activity?
Cosmic rays produce both, attaching to aerosols forming oxides, presersving through precipitation, the more of each the more cosmic rays reflected
How is temperature inferred?
Stable O2 and H isotopes, lower 18O indicating colder periods.
How can Carbon isotopes infer fossil fuel usage?
PS preferentially absorbs lighter C12 meaning lower ratios, meaning fossil fuels cause decreased C13 ratio
How can Ice core dating be correlated?
Continental time series, marine isotopic records, and orbital runing
How does relative dating compare with core depth?
Uncertainties increase, duration of easily recognizable climate events duration less certain
How are volcanic eruptions used for dating?
Distal tephra too thin and fine grained for dating, however glass shards have elemental compositions used to identify volcanic sources to establish precise links between records
How does Vostok infer CO2/temp relationship?
CO2 lags behinds temperature increases, covering 420k years of global warming, CO2 ranging from 180-330ppm.
How does IPCC infer causatiion?
Changing radiative forcing increases warming, caused by CO2 conc changes, without unequivocal attribution, however modelling consistent.
How can statistical analysis infer causation?
CO2 granger causing temperature changeI
Information Flow Concept
Process of exchanging information between systems, and the patterns governing that system
What does IFC rely on?
First Principles
What are the first principles of climate modelling?
Conservation of energy, momentum, and mass, as well as ideal gas law.
How can granger causation be applied to CC?
156 years time series of CO2 to global mean surface temperature, with radiative forcing analysed also with similar progression, as well as other factors (volcanic, clouds, aerosol…)
