Everything slides Flashcards
What is a phoneme?
The smallest linguistic unit of sound (abstract) denoted with slashes, such as /p/, /s/, /z/.
What is a morpheme?
The smallest linguistic unit of meaning, examples include word stems like ‘book’ and affixes like ‘-s’ or ‘-ed’.
What is an allophone?
An alternate sound of the same phoneme that does not change the meaning of a word.
What is a grapheme?
The written representation of a sound, such as the letter ‘r’ for /r/ in English.
What is an allograph?
An alternative form of a grapheme, such as the grapheme ‘s’ in different words like ‘snake’ and ‘class’.
What is a dialect?
A variation of a language that can result from geographical isolation, differing in vocabulary and grammar.
What is a register?
Styles of speech adjusted to the perceived needs of a listener, involving adjustments in various speech elements.
What is an idiolect?
An individual’s unique dialect, varying in sound production and word selection.
What is an active articulator?
Parts of the vocal tract that move, such as the lower lip and tongue.
What is a passive articulator?
Parts of the vocal tract that do not move and receive the active articulator.
What is the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)?
A system that represents the sounds of words (phonemes) rather than their spellings (graphemes).
Define a vowel.
A speech sound produced with minimal obstruction in the vocal tract.
Define a consonant.
A speech sound produced with obstruction in the vocal tract.
What is an obstruent?
A consonant sound where airflow is impeded at one point in the vocal tract.
What is a sonorant?
A consonant sound made with vocal tract resonance, similar to vowels.
What is the place of articulation?
The point of contact of the articulators when producing a sound.
What is the manner of articulation?
How a sound is produced, including types like stops, fricatives, and nasals.
What is distinctive feature theory?
The concept that sounds (phonemes) can be analyzed into smaller units (features).
What is phonological awareness?
The broad ability to recognize and manipulate sound structures in spoken language.
What is phonemic awareness?
A subset of phonological awareness focusing on the ability to hear and manipulate individual phonemes.
What is assimilation?
A process where sounds become more similar to neighboring sounds.
What is progressive assimilation?
When a phoneme’s sound changes due to a similar feature of a preceding phoneme.
What is regressive assimilation?
When a phoneme’s sound changes due to a similar feature of a following phoneme.
What is nonassimilation?
A process where sounds change for reasons other than similarity to neighboring sounds.
