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everything from paper 1 aqa biology gcse from the specifacation in depth including everything Flashcards

1
Q

What is the basic unit of life?

A

Cell

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2
Q

True or False: Prokaryotic cells have a nucleus.

A

False

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3
Q

Fill in the blank: The process by which plants make their own food is called ______.

A

Photosynthesis

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4
Q

What is the function of the ribosome?

A

Protein synthesis

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5
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a component of the cell theory?
A) All living things are made of cells
B) Cells are the basic unit of life
C) Cells can arise from non-cellular structures
D) All cells come from pre-existing cells

A

C) Cells can arise from non-cellular structures

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6
Q

What is the role of the cell membrane?

A

To control the movement of substances in and out of the cell

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7
Q

True or False: Mitochondria are known as the powerhouse of the cell.

A

True

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8
Q

What is the function of chloroplasts?

A

To conduct photosynthesis

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9
Q

Fill in the blank: The genetic material in eukaryotic cells is found in the ______.

A

Nucleus

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10
Q

Multiple Choice: Which organelle is responsible for packaging proteins?
A) Golgi apparatus
B) Endoplasmic reticulum
C) Lysosome
D) Nucleus

A

A) Golgi apparatus

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11
Q

What is the primary function of the lysosome?

A

Digestion and waste removal

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12
Q

True or False: The cell wall is found in animal cells.

A

False

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13
Q

What is a tissue?

A

A group of similar cells that perform a specific function

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14
Q

Fill in the blank: The process of converting glucose into energy in the presence of oxygen is called ______.

A

Aerobic respiration

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15
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a type of tissue?
A) Muscle
B) Epithelial
C) Nervous
D) Plasma

A

D) Plasma

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16
Q

What is the function of xylem in plants?

A

To transport water and minerals from the roots to the leaves

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17
Q

True or False: Phloem is responsible for transporting sugars in plants.

A

True

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18
Q

What is homeostasis?

A

The regulation of internal conditions in an organism

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19
Q

Fill in the blank: The part of the brain that controls balance and coordination is the ______.

A

Cerebellum

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20
Q

Multiple Choice: Which hormone regulates blood sugar levels?
A) Insulin
B) Adrenaline
C) Thyroxine
D) Estrogen

A

A) Insulin

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21
Q

What is the role of the pancreas?

A

To produce digestive enzymes and hormones, including insulin

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22
Q

True or False: The heart is a muscle that pumps blood throughout the body.

A

True

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23
Q

Fill in the blank: The ______ system is responsible for transporting oxygen and nutrients to cells.

A

Circulatory

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24
Q

What is the function of red blood cells?

A

To carry oxygen from the lungs to the body tissues

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25
Multiple Choice: Which type of blood vessel carries blood away from the heart? A) Vein B) Capillary C) Artery D) Venule
C) Artery
26
What is the role of platelets?
To help in blood clotting
27
True or False: The lungs are part of the digestive system.
False
28
Fill in the blank: The process of breathing in oxygen and expelling carbon dioxide is called ______.
Respiration
29
What is the primary function of the kidneys?
To filter waste products from the blood and produce urine
30
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a function of the liver? A) Producing bile B) Filtering blood C) Storing glucose D) All of the above
D) All of the above
31
What is the role of the small intestine?
To absorb nutrients from digested food
32
True or False: Enzymes are biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions.
True
33
Fill in the blank: The ______ is the site of nutrient absorption in the digestive system.
Small intestine
34
What factors can affect enzyme activity?
Temperature, pH, and substrate concentration
35
Multiple Choice: Which enzyme breaks down starch? A) Amylase B) Protease C) Lipase D) Cellulase
A) Amylase
36
What is the role of the large intestine?
To absorb water and form feces
37
True or False: Antibiotics are effective against viral infections.
False
38
Fill in the blank: The body's first line of defense against pathogens is ______.
Skin
39
What is the function of white blood cells?
To fight infections and foreign invaders
40
Multiple Choice: Which type of immunity is gained through vaccination? A) Passive immunity B) Active immunity C) Natural immunity D) Innate immunity
B) Active immunity
41
True or False: Vaccines work by stimulating the immune system.
True
42
What is the role of the respiratory system?
To facilitate gas exchange between the body and the environment
43
Fill in the blank: The ______ is the main organ of the respiratory system.
Lung
44
What is the role of the diaphragm?
To aid in breathing by contracting and relaxing
45
Multiple Choice: Which gas is primarily exchanged in the lungs? A) Nitrogen B) Oxygen C) Carbon dioxide D) Hydrogen
B) Oxygen
46
True or False: The trachea is also known as the windpipe.
True
47
What is the purpose of the alveoli?
To increase surface area for gas exchange
48
Fill in the blank: The ______ is a part of the central nervous system.
Brain
49
What is the function of the spinal cord?
To transmit signals between the brain and the rest of the body
50
Multiple Choice: Which part of the brain is responsible for higher cognitive functions? A) Cerebellum B) Brainstem C) Cerebrum D) Limbic system
C) Cerebrum
51
True or False: The peripheral nervous system consists of the brain and spinal cord.
False
52
What is the role of sensory neurons?
To carry signals from sensory receptors to the central nervous system
53
Fill in the blank: ______ neurons transmit signals from the central nervous system to effectors.
Motor
54
What is the function of the hypothalamus?
To regulate body temperature and homeostasis
55
Multiple Choice: Which hormone is released in response to stress? A) Insulin B) Cortisol C) Adrenaline D) Thyroid hormone
C) Adrenaline
56
True or False: The pituitary gland is known as the 'master gland'.
True
57
What is the primary role of hormones?
To act as chemical messengers in the body
58
Fill in the blank: The ______ system coordinates the body's responses to changes in its environment.
Nervous
59
What is an ecosystem?
A community of living organisms and their physical environment interacting as a system
60
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a biotic factor in an ecosystem? A) Temperature B) Water C) Plants D) Soil pH
C) Plants
61
True or False: Predators are organisms that eat primary producers.
False
62
What is the role of decomposers in an ecosystem?
To break down dead organic matter and recycle nutrients
63
Fill in the blank: The ______ is a measure of the variety of species in an ecosystem.
Biodiversity
64
What is the difference between a food chain and a food web?
A food chain is a linear sequence of organisms, while a food web is a complex network of interconnected food chains.
65
Multiple Choice: Which trophic level do herbivores occupy? A) Primary producers B) Primary consumers C) Secondary consumers D) Tertiary consumers
B) Primary consumers
66
True or False: Energy is lost at each trophic level in a food chain.
True
67
What is the carbon cycle?
The process by which carbon is exchanged between the atmosphere, land, and oceans.
68
Fill in the blank: The ______ cycle describes how water moves through the environment.
Water
69
What is an adaptation?
A characteristic that enhances an organism's ability to survive and reproduce in its environment.
70
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is an example of a structural adaptation? A) Migration B) Hibernation C) Thick fur D) Vocalization
C) Thick fur
71
True or False: Behavioral adaptations are changes in an organism's physical structure.
False
72
What is natural selection?
The process by which organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and produce more offspring.
73
Fill in the blank: The theory of evolution was proposed by ______.
Charles Darwin
74
What is genetic variation?
Differences in DNA among individuals within a population.
75
Multiple Choice: Which process leads to genetic variation? A) Asexual reproduction B) Sexual reproduction C) Cloning D) Budding
B) Sexual reproduction
76
True or False: Mutations can introduce new traits into a population.
True
77
What is selective breeding?
The process of breeding plants or animals for specific traits.
78
Fill in the blank: ______ is the study of how traits are passed from parents to offspring.
Genetics
79
What is a phenotype?
The observable characteristics of an organism.
80
Multiple Choice: Which of the following represents a homozygous genotype? A) Aa B) AA C) A D) aA
B) AA
81
True or False: Alleles are different versions of the same gene.
True
82
What is the purpose of a Punnett square?
To predict the genotypes and phenotypes of offspring from a genetic cross.
83
Fill in the blank: The ______ is the genetic makeup of an organism.
Genotype
84
What is a dominant allele?
An allele that expresses its phenotype even when heterozygous.
85
Multiple Choice: In a dihybrid cross, how many traits are examined? A) One B) Two C) Three D) Four
B) Two
86
True or False: The law of segregation states that alleles segregate independently of one another during gamete formation.
False
87
What is the role of DNA?
To store genetic information and provide instructions for development and function.
88
Fill in the blank: The structure of DNA is described as a double ______.
Helix
89
What are the four bases of DNA?
Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, Guanine
90
Multiple Choice: Which base pairs with Adenine? A) Cytosine B) Thymine C) Guanine D) Uracil
B) Thymine
91
True or False: RNA has the base Thymine.
False
92
What is transcription?
The process of copying a segment of DNA into RNA.
93
Fill in the blank: The three-letter code in mRNA that specifies an amino acid is called a ______.
Codon
94
What is translation?
The process of synthesizing proteins from mRNA.
95
Multiple Choice: Which organelle is involved in protein synthesis? A) Nucleus B) Ribosome C) Golgi apparatus D) Lysosome
B) Ribosome
96
True or False: Mutations can be beneficial, harmful, or neutral.
True
97
What is a chromosomal mutation?
A change in the structure or number of chromosomes.
98
Fill in the blank: The phenotype ratio in a monohybrid cross is typically ______.
3:1
99
What is genetic drift?
A change in allele frequency in a population due to random sampling.

biology (2 decks)

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