Everything Flashcards
1
Q
Pneumothorax
A
Air accumulation in pleural sac
2
Q
Pleural effusion
A
Accumulation of fluid in pleural sac
3
Q
hydropneumothorax
A
air and fluid
4
Q
chylothorax
A
lymph accumulation
5
Q
pyopneumothorax
A
pus accumulation
6
Q
empyema
A
pus without air accumulation
7
Q
pleurisy
A
inflammation of the pleura
8
Q
oblique fissure - scapular line
A
4th rib
9
Q
oblique fissure - midaxillary
A
5th rib
10
Q
oblique fissure - midclavicular line
A
6th rib
11
Q
horizontal fissure - midaxillary line
A
4th rib
12
Q
horizontal fissure - midclavicular line
A
4th rib
13
Q
auscultation of superior right lobe
A
anteriorly above 3rd rib
14
Q
auscultation of superior left lobe
A
anteriorly above 5th rib
15
Q
auscultation of middle right lobe
A
anteriorly just below 4th rib
16
Q
auscultation of inferior lobes (both sides)
A
posteriorly above 5th rib
17
Q
costodiaphragmatic recesses
A
inferior limit of visceral and parietal pleura
18
Q
thoracocentesis
A
removal of fluid from pleura space
19
Q
Where do you perform a thoracentesis
A
8th and 9th intercostal space near midaxillary line on the inferior aspect
20
Q
Where do you insert a chest tube
A
4th or 5th intercostal space near midaxillary line
21
Q
innervation of parietal pleura
A
GSA
22
Q
innervation of visceral pleura
A
GVA - no pain innervation
23
Q
lymph drainage of right lung
A
tracheobronchial nodes –> R paratracheal
24
Q
lymph drainage of left superior lobe
A
superior tracheobronchial node –> L paratracheal
25
lymph drainage of left inferior lobe
inferior tracheobronchial nodes --> R paratracheal
26
foreign objects are more likely lodged in which bronchus
Right - shorter wider and more vertical than left
27
Atelectasis
collapse of lung or lobe resulting from blockage of airway
28
Pancoast tumor
tumor of lung apex
29
2 Areas pancoast tumors can affect
1. lower trunk of brachial plexus (klumpke palsy)
| 2. cervical sympathetic chain (Horner syndrome)
30
Klumpke Palsy
injuring to C8 and T1 resulting in paralysis involving the muscles of the forearm and hand
31
Horner syndrome
disruption of nerve pathway to brain face and eye resulting in decreased pupil size, a drooping eyelid and decreased sweating on the affected side of your face
32
pulmonary embolism
blockage of pulmonary artery
33
DVT (deep vein thrombosis)
blood clot (usually in legs)
34
dyspnea
difficulty breathing
35
Left border of cardiac silhouette (4)
aortic arch, pulmonary trunk, left auricle, left ventricle
36
Right border of cardiac silhouette (4)
Right brachiocephalic v., SVC, IVC, right atrium
37
4 most common sites of lung cancer metastases
CNS, bone (vertebrae), liver, adrenal gland
38
Transverse pericardial sinus
separates arteries from veins
39
pericarditis
inflammation of the pericardium
40
pericardial effusion
fluid accumulation in the pericardial space
41
pericardiocentesis
removal of fluid from between serous layer of parietal pericardium and serous layer of visceral pericardium
42
Another name for visceral pericardium
epicardium
43
Where do you place a needle for pericardiocentesis
inferior to the thoracic cage at left xiphisternal junction
44
What is at risk of injury when performing a pericardiocentesis
internal thoracic artery
45
cardiac tamponade
compression of heart from accumulated fluid in pericardial sac
46
Symptoms of cardiac tamponade (4)
1. rapid heartbeat
2. muffled heart sounds
3. distended neck veins
4. hypotension/ weak pulse
47
What is coronary artery dominance determined by
Origin of the posterior interventricular artery
48
Anterior interventricular a. AKA
left anterior descending a (LAD)
49
posterior interventricular a. AKA
posterior descending a. (PDA)
50
anterior- superior 2/3 of the interventricular septum is supplied by
left coronary artery
51
posterior- inferior 1/3 of the interventricular septum is supplied by
right coronary artery
52
Widow Maker AKA
LAD
53
Referred pain from heart is from what spinal cord levels
GVA- T1-4
54
Angina pectoris
chest pain from heart
55
Cause of angina pectoris
insufficient supply of oxygen to cardiac muscles
56
Auscultation of aortic valve
2nd intercostal space on R
57
Auscultation of pulmonary valve
2nd intercostal space on L
58
Auscultation of tricuspid valve
5th intercostal space on L
59
Auscultation of mitral valve
5th intercostal space on L midclavicular line
60
3 points to which the aorta is fixed
1. Aortic valve
2. ligamentum arteriosum
3. aortic hiatus
61
Aortic coarctation
Section of the aorta is narrowed
62
aortic dissection
creating space between walls of the aorta
63
Raynaud syndrome and treament (what axons)
sympathetic dysregulation of vasculature resulting in numbness or pain (GVE) can be relieved by surgical distruction of sympathetic chain at root of the neck
64
Lymph drainage of cervical esophagus
Deep cervical or paratracheal
65
lymph drainage of thoracic esophagus
posterior mediastinal
66
lymph drainage of abdominal esophagus
left gastric, celiac
67
4 Areas of esophageal constriction
1. junction with pharynx
2. aortic arch
3. left main bronchus
4. diaphram (esophageal hiatus)
68
pectus excavatum
depression of sternum (funnel chest)
69
pectus carinatum
anterior protrusion of sternum (pigeon chest)
70
what is the landmark used for a central venous line, what structure is this?
angle of louis, carina
71
gynecomastsia
abnormal growth of mammary glands in males
72
polythelia
supernumerary nipples
73
polymastias
supernumerary breasts
74
amastia
absence of breasts
75
intercostal nerves provide:
sensory and somatic motor innervation
76
what does an artificial pacemaker stimulate
purkinje fibers
77
what causes peau d orange
blockage of cutaneous lymphatic vessels
78
What is Beck's Triad and what does it indicate?
cardiac tamponade-- 1. rapid heartbeat/ muffed heart sounds 2. distended neck veins 3. hypotension/weak pulse
79
herpes zoster is an infection of?
posterior root ganglion
80
Where is an intercostal nerve block administered? Between what mucles? What structures are most in danger here?
intercostal space between internal and innermost intercostal muscles, intercostal n and collateral branch are most in danger
81
Where does the lymph of the medial quadrant of the breast drain to? The rest of the breast?
parasternal node, axillary node
82
What quadrant are most malignant breast tumors found?
superior lateral quadrant
83
What is the route for breast cancer metastasis?
intercostal veins --> azygos system --> 1. lung/pleura OR 2.intervetebral plexus--> vetebrae, brain
84
What structures lie anterior if a finger is placed in the transverse pericardial sinus?
aorta and pulmonary artery (CABG)
