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Thorax > Everything > Flashcards

Everything Flashcards

1
Q

Pneumothorax

A

Air accumulation in pleural sac

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2
Q

Pleural effusion

A

Accumulation of fluid in pleural sac

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3
Q

hydropneumothorax

A

air and fluid

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4
Q

chylothorax

A

lymph accumulation

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5
Q

pyopneumothorax

A

pus accumulation

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6
Q

empyema

A

pus without air accumulation

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7
Q

pleurisy

A

inflammation of the pleura

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8
Q

oblique fissure - scapular line

A

4th rib

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9
Q

oblique fissure - midaxillary

A

5th rib

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10
Q

oblique fissure - midclavicular line

A

6th rib

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11
Q

horizontal fissure - midaxillary line

A

4th rib

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12
Q

horizontal fissure - midclavicular line

A

4th rib

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13
Q

auscultation of superior right lobe

A

anteriorly above 3rd rib

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14
Q

auscultation of superior left lobe

A

anteriorly above 5th rib

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15
Q

auscultation of middle right lobe

A

anteriorly just below 4th rib

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16
Q

auscultation of inferior lobes (both sides)

A

posteriorly above 5th rib

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17
Q

costodiaphragmatic recesses

A

inferior limit of visceral and parietal pleura

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18
Q

thoracocentesis

A

removal of fluid from pleura space

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19
Q

Where do you perform a thoracentesis

A

8th and 9th intercostal space near midaxillary line on the inferior aspect

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20
Q

Where do you insert a chest tube

A

4th or 5th intercostal space near midaxillary line

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21
Q

innervation of parietal pleura

A

GSA

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22
Q

innervation of visceral pleura

A

GVA - no pain innervation

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23
Q

lymph drainage of right lung

A

tracheobronchial nodes –> R paratracheal

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24
Q

lymph drainage of left superior lobe

A

superior tracheobronchial node –> L paratracheal

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25
Q

lymph drainage of left inferior lobe

A

inferior tracheobronchial nodes –> R paratracheal

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26
Q

foreign objects are more likely lodged in which bronchus

A

Right - shorter wider and more vertical than left

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27
Q

Atelectasis

A

collapse of lung or lobe resulting from blockage of airway

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28
Q

Pancoast tumor

A

tumor of lung apex

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29
Q

2 Areas pancoast tumors can affect

A
  1. lower trunk of brachial plexus (klumpke palsy)

2. cervical sympathetic chain (Horner syndrome)

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30
Q

Klumpke Palsy

A

injuring to C8 and T1 resulting in paralysis involving the muscles of the forearm and hand

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31
Q

Horner syndrome

A

disruption of nerve pathway to brain face and eye resulting in decreased pupil size, a drooping eyelid and decreased sweating on the affected side of your face

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32
Q

pulmonary embolism

A

blockage of pulmonary artery

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33
Q

DVT (deep vein thrombosis)

A

blood clot (usually in legs)

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34
Q

dyspnea

A

difficulty breathing

35
Q

Left border of cardiac silhouette (4)

A

aortic arch, pulmonary trunk, left auricle, left ventricle

36
Q

Right border of cardiac silhouette (4)

A

Right brachiocephalic v., SVC, IVC, right atrium

37
Q

4 most common sites of lung cancer metastases

A

CNS, bone (vertebrae), liver, adrenal gland

38
Q

Transverse pericardial sinus

A

separates arteries from veins

39
Q

pericarditis

A

inflammation of the pericardium

40
Q

pericardial effusion

A

fluid accumulation in the pericardial space

41
Q

pericardiocentesis

A

removal of fluid from between serous layer of parietal pericardium and serous layer of visceral pericardium

42
Q

Another name for visceral pericardium

A

epicardium

43
Q

Where do you place a needle for pericardiocentesis

A

inferior to the thoracic cage at left xiphisternal junction

44
Q

What is at risk of injury when performing a pericardiocentesis

A

internal thoracic artery

45
Q

cardiac tamponade

A

compression of heart from accumulated fluid in pericardial sac

46
Q

Symptoms of cardiac tamponade (4)

A
  1. rapid heartbeat
  2. muffled heart sounds
  3. distended neck veins
  4. hypotension/ weak pulse
47
Q

What is coronary artery dominance determined by

A

Origin of the posterior interventricular artery

48
Q

Anterior interventricular a. AKA

A

left anterior descending a (LAD)

49
Q

posterior interventricular a. AKA

A

posterior descending a. (PDA)

50
Q

anterior- superior 2/3 of the interventricular septum is supplied by

A

left coronary artery

51
Q

posterior- inferior 1/3 of the interventricular septum is supplied by

A

right coronary artery

52
Q

Widow Maker AKA

53
Q

Referred pain from heart is from what spinal cord levels

54
Q

Angina pectoris

A

chest pain from heart

55
Q

Cause of angina pectoris

A

insufficient supply of oxygen to cardiac muscles

56
Q

Auscultation of aortic valve

A

2nd intercostal space on R

57
Q

Auscultation of pulmonary valve

A

2nd intercostal space on L

58
Q

Auscultation of tricuspid valve

A

5th intercostal space on L

59
Q

Auscultation of mitral valve

A

5th intercostal space on L midclavicular line

60
Q

3 points to which the aorta is fixed

A
  1. Aortic valve
  2. ligamentum arteriosum
  3. aortic hiatus
61
Q

Aortic coarctation

A

Section of the aorta is narrowed

62
Q

aortic dissection

A

creating space between walls of the aorta

63
Q

Raynaud syndrome and treament (what axons)

A

sympathetic dysregulation of vasculature resulting in numbness or pain (GVE) can be relieved by surgical distruction of sympathetic chain at root of the neck

64
Q

Lymph drainage of cervical esophagus

A

Deep cervical or paratracheal

65
Q

lymph drainage of thoracic esophagus

A

posterior mediastinal

66
Q

lymph drainage of abdominal esophagus

A

left gastric, celiac

67
Q

4 Areas of esophageal constriction

A
  1. junction with pharynx
  2. aortic arch
  3. left main bronchus
  4. diaphram (esophageal hiatus)
68
Q

pectus excavatum

A

depression of sternum (funnel chest)

69
Q

pectus carinatum

A

anterior protrusion of sternum (pigeon chest)

70
Q

what is the landmark used for a central venous line, what structure is this?

A

angle of louis, carina

71
Q

gynecomastsia

A

abnormal growth of mammary glands in males

72
Q

polythelia

A

supernumerary nipples

73
Q

polymastias

A

supernumerary breasts

74
Q

amastia

A

absence of breasts

75
Q

intercostal nerves provide:

A

sensory and somatic motor innervation

76
Q

what does an artificial pacemaker stimulate

A

purkinje fibers

77
Q

what causes peau d orange

A

blockage of cutaneous lymphatic vessels

78
Q

What is Beck’s Triad and what does it indicate?

A

cardiac tamponade– 1. rapid heartbeat/ muffed heart sounds 2. distended neck veins 3. hypotension/weak pulse

79
Q

herpes zoster is an infection of?

A

posterior root ganglion

80
Q

Where is an intercostal nerve block administered? Between what mucles? What structures are most in danger here?

A

intercostal space between internal and innermost intercostal muscles, intercostal n and collateral branch are most in danger

81
Q

Where does the lymph of the medial quadrant of the breast drain to? The rest of the breast?

A

parasternal node, axillary node

82
Q

What quadrant are most malignant breast tumors found?

A

superior lateral quadrant

83
Q

What is the route for breast cancer metastasis?

A

intercostal veins –> azygos system –> 1. lung/pleura OR 2.intervetebral plexus–> vetebrae, brain

84
Q

What structures lie anterior if a finger is placed in the transverse pericardial sinus?

A

aorta and pulmonary artery (CABG)

Thorax (2 decks)

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