everything Flashcards
how many elements are there
There are over 100 different
elements (118)
what are elements made from
atoms
whats a molecule
two or more atoms (same element) strongly bonded together
week acid ph numbers
4-6
strong acid ph numbers
1-3
nutreal ph number
7
week alkali ph number
8-11
strong alkali ph number
12-14
whats distillation
method used to separate different substances in a mixture by heating and cooling them.
whats filtration
filtering insoluble solid from liquid or gas using filter paper
whats chromotography
separation technique used to separate mixtures of soluble substances.
what side are metals on periodic table
left
what side are non-metals on periodic table
right
whats a element
substance made from same type of atoms on the periodic table
whats a compound
different types of elements (there atoms) have chemically bonded
whats a mixture
substance made when elements mix together but dont chemically bond.
colours of ph 1-3
shades of red
colours of ph 4-6
shades of orange and yellow
colour of ph 7
green
colours of ph 8-11
shades of blue
colours of ph 12-14
shades of indigo and purple
which way do periods go on table
horizontal left right
which way do groups go on table
vertical up down
how many groups in periodic table
18
how many periods in the periodic table
7
does reactivity increase or decrease down group 1
increases
what is a alkali (explain) + its purpose
A chemical that can dissolve in water, combine with acids to form salts, and make acids less acidic. Alkalis have a bitter taste
3 examples of lab alkali
Sodium hydroxide.
Potassium hydroxide.
Calcium hydroxide
3 examples of home acids
lactic acid
acetic acid
citric acid
what is Nacl
Sodium chloride (table salt)
what is the structure of an atom
draw it or imagine
electrons orbiting the nucleus ( protons and neutrons )
different between molecule and atom
molecule has more than one atoms bonded strongly whereas atoms are the smallest units of element
What makes a salt
when a acid reacts with a BASE
give me a example of a salt being formed
eg sodium hydroxide + nitric acid ➡️ sodium nitrate
What group is halogens
Group 17
do halogens get more reactive downwards or less reactive ⬇️
less reactive ⬇️
are halogens solid liquid or gas
all 3.
Gasses : F2, Cl2 (little 2)
liquids :Br2 (little 2)
solids I2 (little 2)
Chemical properties of metals
react with acids to make salts and hydrogen gas.
form positive ions because loss of electrons in chemical reactions
physical properties of metals
shiny
malleable
solid at room temp (most except mercury which is a liquid)
chemical properties of non metals
•formation of negative ions due to loss of protons in chemical reactions.
•reactivity with oxygen to form acidic or neutral oxides.
physical properties of non metals
•dull
•brittle when solid
•poor conductors of head and energy except graphite
what is formed when burning metals and non metals in oxygen
compounds called oxides
what do metal oxides act like
alkalis
non metals dissolve in water to make…
acidic solution
metal + ? ➡️ metal oxide
oxygen
base + water ➡️ ?
alkali
what is alkali
a base that dissolves in water
what is a base
a substance that can neutralise acids
non metals are often ?? (s l g)
gasses
hydrochloric acid is called ??? after reaction
chloride
nitrate is called ??? before reaction
nitric acid
sulphate is called ??? before reaction
sulphuric acid
when there is a ??? you add + carbon dioxide in a equation
carbonate
reactivity increases/ decreases down the alkali metals group
increases
some properties of alkali metals group 1 are…
very reactive
soft
low melting pint
low density
what do group 1 alkalis form when reacted with water
hydroxides
what do group 1 alkalis form when reacted with oxygen
oxides
…. can be used for batteries
lithium
soluble means…
can be dissolved in solvent
insoluble means…
cannot be dissolved in solvent
solvent means..
the liquid that the solute is being dissolved into
solute means…
the substance dissolved in solution or solvent
do solids get more or less soluble as temperature goes up
more soluble
do gasses get more or less soluble as the temperature increases
less soluble
solution is..
Solvent + solute
what are pure substances
made from only one compound or element eg helium or sodium chloride
what are impure substances
made from more than one element or compound eg air or seawater
what separation technique can make a impure substance go pure
distillation
what is another word for neutralisation
titration
3 examples of home alkalis
sodium bicarbonate
sodium carbonate
ammonia solution
3 examples of lab acids
sulphuric acid
nitric acid
hydrochloric acid
