everything Flashcards
(252 cards)
1
Q
what is the difference between the great staff and the grand staff
A
the great staff is not used in music notation, it is a roadmap to show middle C
2
Q
when is the grand staff used
A
piano music and condensed scores
3
Q
who uses specialty clefs
A
viola, tenor trombone, and bassoon
4
Q
largo means
A
very slow
40-60
5
Q
moderato means
A
moderately
100-120
6
Q
Andante means
A
moderately, walking tempo
80-100
7
Q
Adagio means
A
slow
60-80
8
Q
what does a double dot do
A
adds Half the value of a already halved note
9
Q
what meters are simple duple
A
2/4
2/8
2/16
cont
10
Q
What meters are simple quadruple
A
4/4
4/8
4/16
Cont
11
Q
What meters are simple triple
A
3/4
3/8
3/16
cont
12
Q
what meters are simple compound
A
6/4
6/8
6/16
cont
13
Q
what meters are quadruple compound
A
12/4
12/8
12/16
cont
14
Q
what meters are triple compound
A
9/4
9/8
9/16
cont
15
Q
what is the scale degree for the flat 7
A
subtonic
16
Q
what is the natural minor interval pattern?
A
W H W W H W W
17
Q
what is jazz minor
A
ascending melodic minor both ways
18
Q
how many notes are the whole tone scales?
A
6
19
Q
what is a fully diminished scale and when is it used?
A
WHWHWHWH
used with diminished harmony
20
Q
what is a dominant diminished scale and when is it used?
A
HWHWHWHW
Dominant harmony
21
Q
major pentatonic
A
1 2 3 5 6
22
Q
minor pentatonic
A
1 b3 4 5 b7
23
Q
order of sharps
A
FCGDAEB
24
Q
order of flats
A
BEADGCF
25
circle of fifths mnemonic device
Fat Cats Get Down At Every Ball
26
parallel minor means
Same name different key
27
relative minor
same key signature different name
28
how many half steps is an octave
12
29
perfect intervals
4 5 octave unisons
30
major and minor intervals
2 3 6 7
31
formula for inverting intervals
always equal nine
32
consonant intervals
M m 3 6
P 5 U
33
what is a minor(Maj7) chord
1 b3 5 7
m3 M3 M3
34
Half diminished 7th chord
1 b3 b5 b7
m3 m3 M3
35
Diminished 7th chord
1 b3 b5 bb7
m3 m3 m3
36
Augmented 7th chord
1 3 #5 b7
M3 M3 d3
37
what are 6 chords
Maj 1 3 5 6
Min 1 b3 5 6
38
what is specified bass
#/#
chord over assigned bass note
C7/G
39
what is essential figured bass for triads
nothing root position, 6 first inversion, and 6/4 second inversion
40
what is full figured bass for triads
5/3 Root position, 6/3 First Inversion, 6/4 Second Inversion
41
What is essential figured bass for 7th chords
7 Root position, 6/5 first inversion, 4/3 second inversion, and 4/2 third inversion
42
What is full figured bass for 7th chords
7/5/3 Root position, 6/5/3 first inversion, 6/4/3 second inversion, and 6/4/2 third inversion
43
Major Triads
I ii iii IV V vi vii diminished
44
natural minor triads
i ii diminished III iv v VI VII
45
what triads are different between natural minor and harmonic minor
III to IIIAug
v to V
VII to vii diminished
46
what triads are different between natural minor and melodic minor
III to III Aug
iv to IV
v to V
VI to vi diminished
VII to vii diminished
47
Major 7th Chords
Imaj7 ii7 iii7 IVMaj7 V7 vi7 viihalfdim7
48
minor 7th chords
i7 iihalfdim7 IIImaj7 iv7 v7 VImaj7 VII7
49
what harmonic minor 7th chords different from natural minor
1 - i7 to i(maj7) - Raised 7th (7)
3 - IIImaj7 to IIIAug(maj7) - Raised 5th (7)
5 - v7 to V7 - Raised 3rd (7)
7 - VII7 to vii half dim - Raised root (7)
50
what melodic minor 7th chords different from natural minor
1 - i7 to i(maj7) - Raised 7th (7)
2 - iihalfdim7 to iim7 - raised 5th (6)
3 - IIImaj7 to IIIAug(maj7) - Raised 5th (7)
4 - iv7 to V7 - raised 3rd (6)
5 - v7 to V7 - Raised 3rd (7)
6 - VImaj to vi halfdim7 - raised root (6)
7 - VII7 to vii half dim - raised root (7)
51
primary triads in major
I IV V
52
primary triads in natural minor
i iv v
53
primary triads in harmonic minor
i iv V
54
primary triads in melodic minor
i IV V
55
secondary triads in major
ii iii vi viidim
56
secondary triads in natural minor
iidim III VI VII
57
secondary triads in harmonic minor
iidim IIIaug VI viidim
58
secondary triads in melodic minor
ii IIIaug vidim viidim
59
group 4 to group 1
group 4 - iii/III
group 3 - vi/VI
group 2 - ii/iidim/iv/IV
group 1 - V/III+/VII/viiDim
60
elision
when one or more chord groups is skipped
61
retrogression
when chords move right to left. followed by normal progression
62
in SATB which stems go down
Bass and Alto
63
In SATB which stems go up
Soprano and tenor
64
closed voicing
simple interval
octave or less between soprano and tenor voice
65
open voicing
compound interval
greater than an octave between soprano and tenor voice
66
conjunct motion
whole or half step
67
disjunct motion
greater than whole step
68
contrary motion
two voices in opposite directions
69
parallel motion
same direction by same interval without regard for quality
70
similar motion
same direction but by different intervals
71
oblique motion
one voice moving up or down while the other remains the same
72
what is an altered dominant chord
maj3 and b7
possible alterations include b5 #5 b9 #9 #11 b13
73
sus replaces what
the third with either the 4 or 2.
in extensions it refers to the 4
74
chromatic approach tones
NCT that approach a chord tone chromatically and do note belong to the scale and harmony
75
scale approach tones
NCT that approach a chord tone diatonically
76
scale/chromatic approach tones
NCT that approaches chord tone by a half step and is in the scale/harmony of he moment
77
characteristics of a PAC
V or V7
root position
tonic in the soprano
78
characteristics of a IACV
viidim to 1
V to 1 inverted
tonic not in melody
79
half cadence
any chord to V
80
deceptive cadence
V to ?
normally 6
81
Plagal cadence
IV to I
82
Plagal half cadence
I to IV
83
what is the most common form of transposition
by scale degree
84
what is another common way to transpose
transposition by intervals.
identify interval between new and original key then transpose each note by that interval
85
when is transposition by key signature used?
when the notes on the staff do not change
G to Gb ect
86
what instruments sound a P5 lower than written
French horn and English horn
87
what instruments sound a M2 lower than written
Bb clarinet, Bb trumpet, and Soprano Sax.
88
what instruments sound a M9 lower than written
Bb bass clarinet and Bb tenor sax
89
what instruments sound a m3 higher than written
Eb clarinet
90
what instruments sound a M13 lower than written
Eb baritone saxophone
91
what instruments sound a M6 lower than written
Alto sax
92
what instruments sound an octave higher than written
piccolo and xylophone
93
what instruments sound two octave higher than written
orchestral bels
94
what instruments sound an octave lower than written
Guitar, bass guitar, and string bass
95
sounds as written
flute, oboe, bassoon, trombone, bass trombone, euphonium, tuba, piano, timpani, chimes, marimba, and vibraphone.
96
timpani 1
20 in - F3-C4 (rarely used)
97
timpani 2
23 in - D3-A3
98
timpani 3
26 in - Bb2-F3
99
Timpani 4
29 inch - F2-C3
100
Timpani 5
32 inch - D2-A2
101
shake
brass - lip trill
woodwinds - trill
102
gliss
glide between two definite notes
103
fall
written - down to indefinite
104
doit
written - up to indefinite
105
flip or turn
glide up to definite or indefinite and falling downward to the next written note
106
plop
indefinite note falling to a written note
107
rip
indefinite note gliding up to a written note
108
bend
in tune to out of tune and back
109
scoop
short glide from indefinite to definite pitch
110
how long are note stems
3 spaces in the staff and ledger lines extend to at least the center line
111
how are notes beamed
if notes trend up the beam trends up
and the opposite
112
where are dots placed
centered on the space
113
ties are placed
centered on the note head and opposite of the stem
114
slurs are placed
at the starting note and arching to the end of the group.
Opposite of the stem
115
if stems are on both sides of the staff where are slurs placed
above the staff
116
what do accidentals affect and when do they end
only the note in that specific octave and carries to the barline
117
types of folk song
work, leisure, and religious
118
folk songs helped do what
synchronize an action
119
what does folk music reflect
ethnic customs and time period for a specific geographical area
120
what did aboriginal cultures use folk music for
rite of passage
121
what does folk music preserve
cultures and elevates traditions, language, and sacred stories
122
classical music began in
450AD
123
the main difference between folk and classical music
classical music is notated while folk is aural
124
harmony was introduced in
1100
125
medieval music was
pre 1400 and Gregorian chant
126
renaissance period
instruments multiple melodic lines and triads
127
what occurred in the baroque period
Pythagoras overtone series
counter melodies and ornaments
128
classical period was about
modulations keys and themes
forms
129
romantic period
saxophone tuba and contrabassoon
130
modern music
began in early 1900s
131
electrification did?
reduced keyboard size, w/ difference beat grooves, synth sounds, and harmony grooves
132
swing style
1920 to end of WW2
133
swing dances
Lindy hop, Balboa, the shag, and charleston
134
in big band who plays soprano
lead alto
135
in a big band who doubles on flugal
all trumpets
136
in a big band who doubles on flute and clarinet
all saxes
137
PMG includes
Sax trumpet trombone
piano guitar bass drums aux perc
vocals and back ups
138
PMGS play
1950s to now
including rock, country, hip hop, disco, rap, and soul
139
funk happened in
1960s and through disco era in the 70s
140
funk added
organ
141
latin music
emphasizes musical style of Spanish and Portuguese western countries
142
latin includes
flute and aux perc
143
samba is
brazilian dance
music from Africa uptempo and duple
144
bossa nova is
brazilian dance
developed in 50s and 60s
slower samba 100-160bpm
145
what is the most important tool for correction
metronome
146
most effective error correction method
slow down and speed up gradually
147
two other correction solutions
conduct a pattern and sing the rhythm
listen to an accurate source recording
148
seasonal programming
fall winter summer spring
149
occasional programmng
inherent to military functions
150
patriotic programming
4th of July
9/11 rememberance
PATO
151
ideal concert length
52 minutes of music and 8 minutes for transition and applause
152
concert order
first impression
intellectually challenging
pre intermission encouragement
end with a positive experience
153
what does a prep gesture show
style tempo dynamics and exact beginning of first note
154
steps to prep
good stance and meaningful eye contact
inhaling as you raise right hand
bring hand down and exhale
155
prep ictus
where the movement changes direction at the top gesture and begins downward to the starting point.
helps musicians find downbeat
156
staccato conducting pattern
flick of the wrist and angular
157
legato conducting pattern
smoother and rounder
158
how do cues on beat work
prep on beat prior
cue on beat and then follow through
159
how do off beat cues work
prep on the whole beat prior
cue on beat
entrance off beat
and then follow through
160
how do you conduct a fermata
palms up in holding manner and continues sideways motion until the next prep
161
1850 to 1940
golden age of American marches
162
Filmore and King
Americans who wrote fast screamers.
163
British march king
Kenneth alford
164
British marches
stately tempo. countermelodies during repeat, wide variety of dynamics. full value stinger
165
German and Russian marches
110bpm and oompah
166
what is the crest and tough
crest - top of wave
trough - bottom of wave
167
human hearing in hertz
20 to 20,000
168
threshold for pain
130 db
169
overtone series
1 1 5 1 3 5 b7 1 2 3 #4 5 6 b7 7
170
out of tune overtones
7 11 and 14
171
what are the 7 11 and 14 overtones
b7 #4 b7
172
what should not be beamed together in 2/4 or 3/4
3 eighth notes
173
electricity
flow of electrons
174
voltage
measurement of electrical pressure or potential as compared to a zero ground potential
175
current is
how many electrons pass through a reference point per second measured in amperes (A) (I)
176
resistance (R)
determines the amount of current what will flow as a the result of the application of a given electromotive force
177
ohm (horseshoe)
unit of electrical resistance
178
impedance (Z)
total opposition offered to the flow of a current
179
earth ground
ground that uses earth as a potential of the earth as a reference
180
signal ground
signal voltages in a specific piece of equipment such as a mic are expressed
181
chassis ground
conductor that is connected to the device chassis. ultimately drains to earth ground
182
power is measured in
watts, watts are equal to jouules
183
DB
intensity of sound on a logarithmic scale
184
mic level
no signal to -20
mics operate at this level
185
line level
-20 to +30
mixing consul and electronic keyboards
186
speaker level
+30
power amps
187
nominal
ideal operating level
188
noise floor
unwanted sound present in audio system and acoustic environment
189
signal to nose
difference between the nominal level and the noise floor
190
headroom
nominal to maximum output
191
how long do cables stop fending off interference
longer than 15 feet
192
electromagnetic interference (EMI) is often referred to as
RFI
radio frequency interference
193
male XLR pins
1 chassis ground
3 negative
2 positive
194
female XLR pins
2 positive
3 negative
1 chassis ground
195
difference between TS and TRS connectors
tip sleeve connectors are unbalanced
tip ring sleeve connectors are balanced
196
the IEC is what
international electrotechnical commission standardizing cables
197
most common power cables
c13 c14
198
osha monitors
people exposed for 8 hours over 85 db
199
what do di boxes do
convert unbalanced high impedance signals to low impedance mic level signal
200
condensor mics have
a charged diaphragm back plate
201
omni directional
360
202
cardioid
mostly directly infront
203
super hyper cardioid
front and back but less in back
204
bi directional
equal on both ends
205
subs are usually
below 200hz
206
affettato
affected
207
affettuoso
affectionate
208
allegramente
gaily
209
calando
gradually diminishing
210
leggiero
light and nimble
211
meno
less
212
morendo
dying fading away
213
mosso
motion
214
piu
more
215
poco a poco
little by little
216
ritenuto
suddenly slower
217
scherzando
playful and joking
218
smorzando
dying away, decreasing in volume
219
stringendo
compressing, a quickening of the tempo
220
jeux
game
221
lent
slow
222
largement
borad
223
moins
less
224
precipite
hurried
225
presque
almost
226
puissant
strong powerful
227
soupirant
sighing and plaintive
228
vite
quick
229
toujours
always forever
230
abgestossen
staccato
231
abnehmend
diminuendo
232
anfang
beginning
233
anmutig
gracefully
234
anschwellend
crescendo
235
breit
broad
236
deutlich
clear and distinct
237
gemassigt
moderate
238
geschwind
quick
239
klein
little
240
kraftig
strong
241
langsam
slow
242
machtig
mighty
243
massig
moderate
244
schlag
beat
245
sehr
very much
246
seufzend
signing
247
spielen
to play
248
wieder
again
249
zeitmass
tempo
250
all of these terms mean sustained
tenu - french
gehalten - german
sostenuto - Italian
251
what term wouldn't change the measure 31 of the anthem
tenu - held - French
gehalten - sustained - german
252
what tempo marking wouldn't change eternal father
slowly - largo
