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spring 2023 - shit I don't know very well > everything > Flashcards

everything Flashcards

1
Q

what is the difference between the great staff and the grand staff

A

the great staff is not used in music notation, it is a roadmap to show middle C

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2
Q

when is the grand staff used

A

piano music and condensed scores

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3
Q

who uses specialty clefs

A

viola, tenor trombone, and bassoon

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4
Q

largo means

A

very slow
40-60

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5
Q

moderato means

A

moderately
100-120

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6
Q

Andante means

A

moderately, walking tempo
80-100

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7
Q

Adagio means

A

slow
60-80

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8
Q

what does a double dot do

A

adds Half the value of a already halved note

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9
Q

what meters are simple duple

A

2/4
2/8
2/16
cont

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10
Q

What meters are simple quadruple

A

4/4
4/8
4/16
Cont

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11
Q

What meters are simple triple

A

3/4
3/8
3/16
cont

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12
Q

what meters are simple compound

A

6/4
6/8
6/16
cont

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13
Q

what meters are quadruple compound

A

12/4
12/8
12/16
cont

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14
Q

what meters are triple compound

A

9/4
9/8
9/16
cont

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15
Q

what is the scale degree for the flat 7

A

subtonic

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16
Q

what is the natural minor interval pattern?

A

W H W W H W W

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17
Q

what is jazz minor

A

ascending melodic minor both ways

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18
Q

how many notes are the whole tone scales?

A

6

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19
Q

what is a fully diminished scale and when is it used?

A

WHWHWHWH
used with diminished harmony

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20
Q

what is a dominant diminished scale and when is it used?

A

HWHWHWHW
Dominant harmony

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21
Q

major pentatonic

A

1 2 3 5 6

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22
Q

minor pentatonic

A

1 b3 4 5 b7

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23
Q

order of sharps

A

FCGDAEB

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24
Q

order of flats

A

BEADGCF

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25
Q

circle of fifths mnemonic device

A

Fat Cats Get Down At Every Ball

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26
Q

parallel minor means

A

Same name different key

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27
Q

relative minor

A

same key signature different name

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28
Q

how many half steps is an octave

A

12

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29
Q

perfect intervals

A

4 5 octave unisons

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30
Q

major and minor intervals

A

2 3 6 7

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31
Q

formula for inverting intervals

A

always equal nine

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32
Q

consonant intervals

A

M m 3 6
P 5 U

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33
Q

what is a minor(Maj7) chord

A

1 b3 5 7
m3 M3 M3

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34
Q

Half diminished 7th chord

A

1 b3 b5 b7
m3 m3 M3

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35
Q

Diminished 7th chord

A

1 b3 b5 bb7
m3 m3 m3

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36
Q

Augmented 7th chord

A

1 3 #5 b7
M3 M3 d3

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37
Q

what are 6 chords

A

Maj 1 3 5 6
Min 1 b3 5 6

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38
Q

what is specified bass

A

/

chord over assigned bass note
C7/G

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39
Q

what is essential figured bass for triads

A

nothing root position, 6 first inversion, and 6/4 second inversion

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40
Q

what is full figured bass for triads

A

5/3 Root position, 6/3 First Inversion, 6/4 Second Inversion

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41
Q

What is essential figured bass for 7th chords

A

7 Root position, 6/5 first inversion, 4/3 second inversion, and 4/2 third inversion

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42
Q

What is full figured bass for 7th chords

A

7/5/3 Root position, 6/5/3 first inversion, 6/4/3 second inversion, and 6/4/2 third inversion

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43
Q

Major Triads

A

I ii iii IV V vi vii diminished

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44
Q

natural minor triads

A

i ii diminished III iv v VI VII

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45
Q

what triads are different between natural minor and harmonic minor

A

III to IIIAug
v to V
VII to vii diminished

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46
Q

what triads are different between natural minor and melodic minor

A

III to III Aug
iv to IV
v to V
VI to vi diminished
VII to vii diminished

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47
Q

Major 7th Chords

A

Imaj7 ii7 iii7 IVMaj7 V7 vi7 viihalfdim7

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48
Q

minor 7th chords

A

i7 iihalfdim7 IIImaj7 iv7 v7 VImaj7 VII7

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49
Q

what harmonic minor 7th chords different from natural minor

A

1 - i7 to i(maj7) - Raised 7th (7)
3 - IIImaj7 to IIIAug(maj7) - Raised 5th (7)
5 - v7 to V7 - Raised 3rd (7)
7 - VII7 to vii half dim - Raised root (7)

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50
Q

what melodic minor 7th chords different from natural minor

A

1 - i7 to i(maj7) - Raised 7th (7)
2 - iihalfdim7 to iim7 - raised 5th (6)
3 - IIImaj7 to IIIAug(maj7) - Raised 5th (7)
4 - iv7 to V7 - raised 3rd (6)
5 - v7 to V7 - Raised 3rd (7)
6 - VImaj to vi halfdim7 - raised root (6)
7 - VII7 to vii half dim - raised root (7)

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51
Q

primary triads in major

A

I IV V

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52
Q

primary triads in natural minor

A

i iv v

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53
Q

primary triads in harmonic minor

A

i iv V

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54
Q

primary triads in melodic minor

A

i IV V

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55
Q

secondary triads in major

A

ii iii vi viidim

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56
Q

secondary triads in natural minor

A

iidim III VI VII

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57
Q

secondary triads in harmonic minor

A

iidim IIIaug VI viidim

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58
Q

secondary triads in melodic minor

A

ii IIIaug vidim viidim

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59
Q

group 4 to group 1

A

group 4 - iii/III
group 3 - vi/VI
group 2 - ii/iidim/iv/IV
group 1 - V/III+/VII/viiDim

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60
Q

elision

A

when one or more chord groups is skipped

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61
Q

retrogression

A

when chords move right to left. followed by normal progression

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62
Q

in SATB which stems go down

A

Bass and Alto

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63
Q

In SATB which stems go up

A

Soprano and tenor

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64
Q

closed voicing

A

simple interval
octave or less between soprano and tenor voice

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65
Q

open voicing

A

compound interval
greater than an octave between soprano and tenor voice

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66
Q

conjunct motion

A

whole or half step

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67
Q

disjunct motion

A

greater than whole step

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68
Q

contrary motion

A

two voices in opposite directions

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69
Q

parallel motion

A

same direction by same interval without regard for quality

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70
Q

similar motion

A

same direction but by different intervals

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71
Q

oblique motion

A

one voice moving up or down while the other remains the same

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72
Q

what is an altered dominant chord

A

maj3 and b7

possible alterations include b5 #5 b9 #9 #11 b13

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73
Q

sus replaces what

A

the third with either the 4 or 2.
in extensions it refers to the 4

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74
Q

chromatic approach tones

A

NCT that approach a chord tone chromatically and do note belong to the scale and harmony

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75
Q

scale approach tones

A

NCT that approach a chord tone diatonically

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76
Q

scale/chromatic approach tones

A

NCT that approaches chord tone by a half step and is in the scale/harmony of he moment

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77
Q

characteristics of a PAC

A

V or V7
root position
tonic in the soprano

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78
Q

characteristics of a IACV

A

viidim to 1
V to 1 inverted
tonic not in melody

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79
Q

half cadence

A

any chord to V

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80
Q

deceptive cadence

A

V to ?
normally 6

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81
Q

Plagal cadence

A

IV to I

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82
Q

Plagal half cadence

A

I to IV

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83
Q

what is the most common form of transposition

A

by scale degree

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84
Q

what is another common way to transpose

A

transposition by intervals.
identify interval between new and original key then transpose each note by that interval

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85
Q

when is transposition by key signature used?

A

when the notes on the staff do not change
G to Gb ect

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86
Q

what instruments sound a P5 lower than written

A

French horn and English horn

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87
Q

what instruments sound a M2 lower than written

A

Bb clarinet, Bb trumpet, and Soprano Sax.

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88
Q

what instruments sound a M9 lower than written

A

Bb bass clarinet and Bb tenor sax

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89
Q

what instruments sound a m3 higher than written

A

Eb clarinet

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90
Q

what instruments sound a M13 lower than written

A

Eb baritone saxophone

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91
Q

what instruments sound a M6 lower than written

A

Alto sax

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92
Q

what instruments sound an octave higher than written

A

piccolo and xylophone

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93
Q

what instruments sound two octave higher than written

A

orchestral bels

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94
Q

what instruments sound an octave lower than written

A

Guitar, bass guitar, and string bass

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95
Q

sounds as written

A

flute, oboe, bassoon, trombone, bass trombone, euphonium, tuba, piano, timpani, chimes, marimba, and vibraphone.

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96
Q

timpani 1

A

20 in - F3-C4 (rarely used)

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97
Q

timpani 2

A

23 in - D3-A3

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98
Q

timpani 3

A

26 in - Bb2-F3

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99
Q

Timpani 4

A

29 inch - F2-C3

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100
Q

Timpani 5

A

32 inch - D2-A2

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101
Q

shake

A

brass - lip trill
woodwinds - trill

102
Q

gliss

A

glide between two definite notes

103
Q

fall

A

written - down to indefinite

104
Q

doit

A

written - up to indefinite

105
Q

flip or turn

A

glide up to definite or indefinite and falling downward to the next written note

106
Q

plop

A

indefinite note falling to a written note

107
Q

rip

A

indefinite note gliding up to a written note

108
Q

bend

A

in tune to out of tune and back

109
Q

scoop

A

short glide from indefinite to definite pitch

110
Q

how long are note stems

A

3 spaces in the staff and ledger lines extend to at least the center line

111
Q

how are notes beamed

A

if notes trend up the beam trends up
and the opposite

112
Q

where are dots placed

A

centered on the space

113
Q

ties are placed

A

centered on the note head and opposite of the stem

114
Q

slurs are placed

A

at the starting note and arching to the end of the group.
Opposite of the stem

115
Q

if stems are on both sides of the staff where are slurs placed

A

above the staff

116
Q

what do accidentals affect and when do they end

A

only the note in that specific octave and carries to the barline

117
Q

types of folk song

A

work, leisure, and religious

118
Q

folk songs helped do what

A

synchronize an action

119
Q

what does folk music reflect

A

ethnic customs and time period for a specific geographical area

120
Q

what did aboriginal cultures use folk music for

A

rite of passage

121
Q

what does folk music preserve

A

cultures and elevates traditions, language, and sacred stories

122
Q

classical music began in

123
Q

the main difference between folk and classical music

A

classical music is notated while folk is aural

124
Q

harmony was introduced in

125
Q

medieval music was

A

pre 1400 and Gregorian chant

126
Q

renaissance period

A

instruments multiple melodic lines and triads

127
Q

what occurred in the baroque period

A

Pythagoras overtone series
counter melodies and ornaments

128
Q

classical period was about

A

modulations keys and themes
forms

129
Q

romantic period

A

saxophone tuba and contrabassoon

130
Q

modern music

A

began in early 1900s

131
Q

electrification did?

A

reduced keyboard size, w/ difference beat grooves, synth sounds, and harmony grooves

132
Q

swing style

A

1920 to end of WW2

133
Q

swing dances

A

Lindy hop, Balboa, the shag, and charleston

134
Q

in big band who plays soprano

135
Q

in a big band who doubles on flugal

A

all trumpets

136
Q

in a big band who doubles on flute and clarinet

137
Q

PMG includes

A

Sax trumpet trombone
piano guitar bass drums aux perc
vocals and back ups

138
Q

PMGS play

A

1950s to now
including rock, country, hip hop, disco, rap, and soul

139
Q

funk happened in

A

1960s and through disco era in the 70s

140
Q

funk added

141
Q

latin music

A

emphasizes musical style of Spanish and Portuguese western countries

142
Q

latin includes

A

flute and aux perc

143
Q

samba is

A

brazilian dance
music from Africa uptempo and duple

144
Q

bossa nova is

A

brazilian dance
developed in 50s and 60s
slower samba 100-160bpm

145
Q

what is the most important tool for correction

146
Q

most effective error correction method

A

slow down and speed up gradually

147
Q

two other correction solutions

A

conduct a pattern and sing the rhythm
listen to an accurate source recording

148
Q

seasonal programming

A

fall winter summer spring

149
Q

occasional programmng

A

inherent to military functions

150
Q

patriotic programming

A

4th of July
9/11 rememberance
PATO

151
Q

ideal concert length

A

52 minutes of music and 8 minutes for transition and applause

152
Q

concert order

A

first impression
intellectually challenging
pre intermission encouragement
end with a positive experience

153
Q

what does a prep gesture show

A

style tempo dynamics and exact beginning of first note

154
Q

steps to prep

A

good stance and meaningful eye contact
inhaling as you raise right hand
bring hand down and exhale

155
Q

prep ictus

A

where the movement changes direction at the top gesture and begins downward to the starting point.
helps musicians find downbeat

156
Q

staccato conducting pattern

A

flick of the wrist and angular

157
Q

legato conducting pattern

A

smoother and rounder

158
Q

how do cues on beat work

A

prep on beat prior
cue on beat and then follow through

159
Q

how do off beat cues work

A

prep on the whole beat prior
cue on beat
entrance off beat
and then follow through

160
Q

how do you conduct a fermata

A

palms up in holding manner and continues sideways motion until the next prep

161
Q

1850 to 1940

A

golden age of American marches

162
Q

Filmore and King

A

Americans who wrote fast screamers.

163
Q

British march king

A

Kenneth alford

164
Q

British marches

A

stately tempo. countermelodies during repeat, wide variety of dynamics. full value stinger

165
Q

German and Russian marches

A

110bpm and oompah

166
Q

what is the crest and tough

A

crest - top of wave
trough - bottom of wave

167
Q

human hearing in hertz

A

20 to 20,000

168
Q

threshold for pain

169
Q

overtone series

A

1 1 5 1 3 5 b7 1 2 3 #4 5 6 b7 7

170
Q

out of tune overtones

A

7 11 and 14

171
Q

what are the 7 11 and 14 overtones

172
Q

what should not be beamed together in 2/4 or 3/4

A

3 eighth notes

173
Q

electricity

A

flow of electrons

174
Q

voltage

A

measurement of electrical pressure or potential as compared to a zero ground potential

175
Q

current is

A

how many electrons pass through a reference point per second measured in amperes (A) (I)

176
Q

resistance (R)

A

determines the amount of current what will flow as a the result of the application of a given electromotive force

177
Q

ohm (horseshoe)

A

unit of electrical resistance

178
Q

impedance (Z)

A

total opposition offered to the flow of a current

179
Q

earth ground

A

ground that uses earth as a potential of the earth as a reference

180
Q

signal ground

A

signal voltages in a specific piece of equipment such as a mic are expressed

181
Q

chassis ground

A

conductor that is connected to the device chassis. ultimately drains to earth ground

182
Q

power is measured in

A

watts, watts are equal to jouules

183
Q

DB

A

intensity of sound on a logarithmic scale

184
Q

mic level

A

no signal to -20
mics operate at this level

185
Q

line level

A

-20 to +30
mixing consul and electronic keyboards

186
Q

speaker level

A

+30
power amps

187
Q

nominal

A

ideal operating level

188
Q

noise floor

A

unwanted sound present in audio system and acoustic environment

189
Q

signal to nose

A

difference between the nominal level and the noise floor

190
Q

headroom

A

nominal to maximum output

191
Q

how long do cables stop fending off interference

A

longer than 15 feet

192
Q

electromagnetic interference (EMI) is often referred to as

A

RFI
radio frequency interference

193
Q

male XLR pins

A

1 chassis ground
3 negative
2 positive

194
Q

female XLR pins

A

2 positive
3 negative
1 chassis ground

195
Q

difference between TS and TRS connectors

A

tip sleeve connectors are unbalanced
tip ring sleeve connectors are balanced

196
Q

the IEC is what

A

international electrotechnical commission standardizing cables

197
Q

most common power cables

198
Q

osha monitors

A

people exposed for 8 hours over 85 db

199
Q

what do di boxes do

A

convert unbalanced high impedance signals to low impedance mic level signal

200
Q

condensor mics have

A

a charged diaphragm back plate

201
Q

omni directional

202
Q

cardioid

A

mostly directly infront

203
Q

super hyper cardioid

A

front and back but less in back

204
Q

bi directional

A

equal on both ends

205
Q

subs are usually

A

below 200hz

206
Q

affettato

207
Q

affettuoso

A

affectionate

208
Q

allegramente

209
Q

calando

A

gradually diminishing

210
Q

leggiero

A

light and nimble

211
Q

meno

212
Q

morendo

A

dying fading away

213
Q

mosso

214
Q

piu

215
Q

poco a poco

A

little by little

216
Q

ritenuto

A

suddenly slower

217
Q

scherzando

A

playful and joking

218
Q

smorzando

A

dying away, decreasing in volume

219
Q

stringendo

A

compressing, a quickening of the tempo

220
Q

jeux

221
Q

lent

222
Q

largement

223
Q

moins

224
Q

precipite

225
Q

presque

226
Q

puissant

A

strong powerful

227
Q

soupirant

A

sighing and plaintive

228
Q

vite

229
Q

toujours

A

always forever

230
Q

abgestossen

231
Q

abnehmend

A

diminuendo

232
Q

anfang

233
Q

anmutig

A

gracefully

234
Q

anschwellend

235
Q

breit

236
Q

deutlich

A

clear and distinct

237
Q

gemassigt

238
Q

geschwind

239
Q

klein

240
Q

kraftig

241
Q

langsam

242
Q

machtig

243
Q

massig

244
Q

schlag

245
Q

sehr

246
Q

seufzend

247
Q

spielen

248
Q

wieder

249
Q

zeitmass

250
Q

all of these terms mean sustained

A

tenu - french
gehalten - german
sostenuto - Italian

251
Q

what term wouldn’t change the measure 31 of the anthem

A

tenu - held - French
gehalten - sustained - german

252
Q

what tempo marking wouldn’t change eternal father

A

slowly - largo

spring 2023 - shit I don't know very well (2 decks)

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