Everyday Pharmaceuticals

Question 1

Phenylephrine

• MOA
• Onset of action
• Dosing

Answer 1

MOA:
α1-adrenoceptors agonist in the arterioles of the nasal mucosa. This causes vasoconstriction, which leads to decreased edema and increased drainage of the sinus cavities.
Systemic arterial vasoconstriction - increases in systemic vascular resistance may result in dose-dependent increases in systolic and diastolic blood pressure and reductions in heart rate and cardiac output

Onset of action:
IM, SubQ: 10 to 15 minutes;
IV: Immediate
Oral: 15 to 30 minutes

Hypotension during anesthesia:
IV bolus: Initial: 40 to 100 mcg/dose; may repeat every 1 to 2 minutes as needed (total dose should not exceed 200 mcg) or 50 to 100 mcg (usual range: 50 to 250 mcg); titrate to achieve blood pressure goal.

Question 2

Content of LR

Answer 2

Lactated Ringer's is composed of 
Sodium chloride 6 g/L
Sodium lactate 3.1 g/L 
Potassium chloride 0.3 g/L
Calcium chloride 0.2 g/L. 

Lactated Ringer's contains ions of 
Sodium 130 mEq/L
Potassium 4 mEq/L
Calcium 2.7 mEq/L
Chloride 109 mEq/L
Lactate 28 mEq/L.

273 mOsm/L and
pH of about 6.5

Question 3

Bactrim is a combination of…

What is the mechanism of action of each?

Answer 3

Sulfamethoxazole inhibits bacterial synthesis of dihydrofolic acid by competing with para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA). Trimethoprim blocks the production of tetrahydrofolic acid from dihydrofolic acid by binding to and reversibly inhibiting the required enzyme, dihydrofolate reductase

Question 4

Warfarin aka … is monitor with …

Answer 4

Warfarin, also known as coumadin, is monitored with INR

Question 5

MOA of coumadin

Answer 5

Coumadin is a Vitamin K antagonist, affecting factors II, VII, IX, and X

Question 6

Half-life of coumadin

Answer 6

Coumadin 20-60 hours

Question 7

MOA of dabigatrin, aka…

Answer 7

Pradaxa (dabigatrin) is a thrombin inhibitor

Thrombin is the principal enzyme of hemostasis. It catalyzes the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin and activates procoagulant factors V, VIII, XI, and XIII. Additionally, when bound to thrombomodulin, it activates protein C, an anticoagulant zymogen.

Question 8

Dabigatrin (pradaxa) half-life

Answer 8

Pradaxa half-life 12-17 hours

Question 9

Rivaroxaban (xarelto) MOA and half-life

Answer 9

Xarelto is a factor Xa inhibitor and has a half-life of 9-13 hours

Question 10

Apixaban (eliquis) MOA and half-life

Answer 10

Apixaban is a factor Xa inhibitor and has a half-life of 9-13 hours