Every Single Vocab Word. Flashcards
anything that has mass and takes up space
matter
the amount of space smth takes up
volume
the curved upper surface of a liquid in a tube.
meniscus
the amount of matter in an object
mass
the amount or quantity of heaviness or mass; amount a thing weighs.
weight
the variable you change in an experiment
IV
the variable that you measure in an experiment
DV
the property of matter by which it retains its state of rest or its velocity along a straight line so long as it is not acted upon by an external force.
inertia
mass per unit volume.
density
a usually reversible change in the physical properties of a substance, as size or shape:
physical change
an irreversible change
chemical change
relative rapidity in moving, going, etc.; rate of motion or progress:
speed
speed in one particular direction
velocity
the act of accelerating; increase of speed or velocity.
acceleration
the standard unit of force in the International System of Units (SI), equal to the force that produces an acceleration of one meter per second per second on a mass of one kilogram. Abbreviation: N
newton
strength or power exerted upon an object
force
the rubbing of the surface of one body against that of another.
friction
word that means not moving
static
pertaining to motion.
kinetic
one in which the subject or a group would not be tested for the dependent variable(s)
control
a proposition, or set of propositions, set forth as an explanation for the occurrence of some specified group of phenomena, either asserted merely as a provisional conjecture to guide investigation (working hypothesis ) or accepted as highly probable in the light of established facts.
hypothesis
a result, issue, or outcome;
conclusion
the quality or property of being soluble; relative capability of being dissolved.
solubility
the state of being malleable, or capable of being shaped, as by hammering or pressing:
malleability
the capacity to undergo a change of physical form without breaking; malleability or flexibility:
ductility
the quantity of motion in a moving body, the producer of its mass and velocity
momentum
movement under the force of gravity
free fall
a form of motion experienced by an object going around earth in a curved line
projectile motion
the tension of the surface of a liquid caused attraction of particles in the upper layer of said liquid
surface tension
the intensity of heat in/on an object; a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in an object
temperature
coldest possible temperature, where all molecular motion stops
absolute zero
a thickness of a liquid
viscosity
force/area ; continues physical excerpted on an object by smth in contact w/ it
pressure
pressure increases volume decreases
Boyle
temperature increases volume increases
Charles
solid to gas
sublimation
gas to solid
deposition
a reaction w/ absorption of heat
endothermic
a reaction w/ release of heat
exothermic
gas to liquid
condensation
a substance w/ no define shape
liquid
SI unit for pressure
pascal
upward force exerted by any fluid upon a body placed on
buoyant force
shiny, clear; describes the periodic translational ordering of atoms or molecules within a solid.
crystaline
liquid to gas
evaporation
SI unit for work
joule
tall container w/ volume scale
cylinder
lipped cylinder glass container
beaker
measure of energy transfer that occurs when an object is moved over a distance by an external force at least part of which is applied in the direction of the displacement. ⬅⬅ ⬆⬆
work
time rate of doing work or delivering energy, expressible as the amount of work done W, or energy transferred, divided by the time interval t—or W/t
power
the SI unit of power, equivalent to one joule per second, corresponding to the power in an electric circuit in which the potential difference is one volt and the current one ampere.
watt
the ratio of the force produced by a machine to the force applied to it, used in assessing the performance of a machine.
mechanical advantage
measure of the effectiveness with which a mechanical system performs
mechanical efficiency
a simple machine made of a rigid beam and a fulcrum.
lever
the point on which a lever rests or is supported and on which it pivots.
fulcrum
a wheel with a grooved rim around which a cord passes. It acts to change the direction of a force applied to the cord and is chiefly used (typically in combination) to raise heavy weights.
pulley
a plane inclined at an angle to the horizontal. [ramp]
inclined plane
a mechanism that converts rotational motion to linear motion, and a torque (rotational force) to a linear force
screw
the SI base unit of electrical current.
amps
the SI unit of electrical resistance, expressing the resistance in a circuit transmitting a current of one ampere when subjected to a potential difference of one volt.
ohms
the SI unit of electromotive force, the difference of potential that would drive one ampere of current against one ohm resistance.
volt
a measure of the opposition to current flow in an electrical circuit
resistance
the rate at which electrons flow past a point in a complete electrical circuit.
current
a path along which the whole current flows through each component
series
side by side and having the same distance continuously between them.
parallel
the motion of bodies that continues forever in an unperturbed system.
perpetual
path for transmitting electric current
circuit
a cylindrical coil of wire acting as a magnet when carrying electric current.
solenoid
brightly colored bands of light, visible around Earth’s geomagnetic poles, caused by solar wind interacting with particles in Earth’s magnetic field
aurora
to force (something) to move away or apart.
repel
refers to the energy contained within a system that is responsible for its temperature
thermal
an electrical device that transfers energy from one circuit to another by magnetic coupling with no moving parts.
transformer
a physical environment in which phenomena occur
medium
a wave in which the particles of the medium move perpendicularity to the direction the wave is traveling
transverse
the highest surface part of a wave
crest
the maximum extent of a vibration or oscillation, measured from the position of equilibrium
amplitude
the number of waves produced in a given amount of time
frequency
the SI unit of frequency, equal to once cycle per second
hertz
the distance from any point on a wave to an identical point on the next wave
wavelength
a wave in which the particles of the medium vibrate parallel to the direction of the wave motion
longitudinal wave
the action of compressing or being compressed
compression
diminution in the density of something, especially air or gas
rarefaction
the bouncing back of a ray of light, sound, or heat when the ray hits a surface that is does not go through.
reflection
a change in the direction of a wave when the wave finds an obstacle or an edge, such as an opening
diffraction
the bending of a wave as the wave passes between two substances in which the speed of the wave differs
refraction
the combo of two or more waves the results in a single wave
interference
a phenomenon that occurs when two objects naturally vibrate at the same frequency
resonance
the most common unit used to measure loudness
decibel
a lens that is thicker in the middle than at the edges
convex lens
a lens that is thinner in the middle than the edges.
concave lens
a measure of how high or low a sound is perceived to be, depending on the frequency of the sound wave
pitch
an observed change in the frequency of a wave when the source or observer is moving
Doppler Effect
the process of using reflected sound waves to find objects
echolocation
describes matter that allows light to pass through with little interference
transparent
describes an object that is not transparent or translucent
opaque
describes matter that transmits light but does not transmit and image
translucent
smallest unit that can perform all life processes, has animal or plant types.
cell`
anything that causes a reaction or change in an organism
stimulus
the maintenance of a constant internal state in a changing environment ( state of balance )
homeostasis
passing of genetic traits from parent to offspring
heredity
the sum of all chemical processes that occur in a organism
metabolism
organism that makes its own food from surrounding energy
producer
organism that eats other organisms
consumer
organism that gets energy by breaking down remains of others
decomposer
molecule made up of amino acids and needed to repair body structures
protein
organic compound containing carboxyl and amino
amino acids
class of energy giving nutrients that includes sugar, starch, and fiber
carbohydrate
molecule that acts as the main energy source for cell processes (needed for a cell to work)
ATP
type of biochemical that doesn’t dissolve in water; fats and steroids
lipids
membrane bound organelle that contains a cell’s DNA and does other things.
nucleus
and organism made up of cells that have a nucleus enclosed in a membrane
eukaryote
organism that consists of a single cell that doesn’t have a nucleus
prokaryote
cell organelle composed of RNA and protein ( made from the nucleolus )
ribosomes
system of membranes found in cell’s cytoplasm and assists in many things
ER
has ribosomes and produces proteins
rough ER
has no ribosomes, produces other substances for the cell
smooth ER
cell organelle that is surrounded by 2 membranes ( powerhouse of the cell )
mitochondria
cell organelle that makes and packages things to be transported away
Golgi Body
cell organelle that consists of digestive enzymes; destroys invading viruses and bacteria
lysosomes
a space within the cytoplasm of a cell which stores the water and food
vacoule
fluid that is inside a cell and composed of water, salts, and organic molecules
cytoplasm
small, dense, sphere structure in a cell’s nucleus; protects nucleus
nucleolus
movement of particles from areas of high density and compression to areas of low density and compression
diffusion
a green pigment that captures light energy for photosynthesis
chlorophyll
a plastid that contains chlorophyll and in which photosynthesis takes place.
chroloplast
one set of instructions for an inherited trait
genes
in a eukaryotic cell, one of the structures in the nucleus that are made up of DNA and protein; in a prokaryotic cell, the main ring of DNA
chromosome
a process in cell division during which the number of chromosomes decreases to half the original number by two divisions of the nucleus, which results in the production of sex cells (gametes or spores)
mieosis
in eukaryotic cells, a process of cell division that forms two new nuclei, each of which has the same number of chromosomes
mitosis
relating to or denoting heritable characteristics controlled by genes that are expressed in offspring only when inherited from both parents, i.e., when not masked by a dominant characteristic inherited from one parent.
recessive
relating to or denoting heritable characteristics controlled by genes that are expressed in offspring only when inherited from both parents, i.e., when not masked by a dominant characteristic inherited from one parent.
recessive
phenomenon of one variant of a gene on a chromosome masking or overriding the effect of a different variant of the same gene on the other copy of the chromosome.
dominant
having two different alleles of a particular gene or genes.
heterozygous
having two identical alleles of a particular gene or genes.
homozygous
the type of tissue in vascular plants that provides support and conducts water and nutrients from the roots
xylem
the vascular tissue in charge of transport and distribution of the organic nutrients.
phloem
a woody, vascular seed plant whose seeds are not enclosed by an ovary or fruit
gymnosperm
a flowering plant that produces seeds within a fruit
angiosperm
producing cones, and having leaves that do not fall off in the winter
coniferous
an embryonic leaf in seed-bearing plants, one or more of which are the first leaves to appear from a germinating seed.
cotyledon
a process by which molecules of a solvent tend to pass through a semipermeable membrane from a less concentrated solution into a more concentrated one, thus equalizing the concentrations on each side of the membrane
osmosis
The process of using energy to move materials through a membrane.
active transport
The movement of materials through a membrane without any input of energy.
passive transport
any of a group of spore-producing organisms feeding on organic matter, including molds, yeast, mushrooms, and toadstools.
fungus
A single reproductive cell that can grow into a multicellular organism.
spore
the likelihood that a possible future event will occur in any given instance of the event
probability
an insoluble substance which is the main constituent of plant cell walls and of vegetable fibers such as cotton. It is a polysaccharide consisting of chains of glucose monomers.
cellulose
A natural process that involves a gradual change in the plant and animal communities that live in an area.
sucession
the breakdown of food without the use of oxygen
fermentation
a form of Gene interaction in which both alleles of a gene at a locus are partially expressed, often resulting in an intermediate or different phenotype
incomplete dominance
