Evaluations and Conditions

Question 1

Wry neck is a condition in which the position of the head is tilted toward one side called cervical lateral flexion, and the chin is elevated and turned toward the opposite side into cervical extension.
TRUE
FALSE

Answer 1

TRUE

Wry neck is also called Torticollis

Question 2

In a whiplash incident, the head snaps forward and then back again causing stretch or tear of the:
a. vertebra
b. intervertebral disk
c. cervical plexus
d. longitudinal ligament

Answer 2

d. longitudinal ligament

Most common w/motor vehicle accidents, however can also occur on roller coasters, skiing accidents, from being hit, kicked, or shaken

Question 3

Knee pain when walking up and downstairs could be associated with these conditions:
I. Chondromalacia
II. Tinea Pedis
III. PFPS
IV. Peroneal Rupture

a. I & IV
b. I & II
c. I & III

Answer 3

c. I & III

Chondromalacia patella is the softening and breakdown of the tissue (cartilage) that lines the underside of the kneecap (patella).
Patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) is a syndrome characterized by pain or discomfort seemingly originating from the contact of the posterior surface of the patella with the femur

Question 4

Anterior displacement of a vertabra is a description for this condition:
a. displaced compression fracture
b. spondylosis
c. Spondylolisthesis

Answer 4

C. Spondylolisthesis

When a vertebra slips forward or backward onto the vertebra below.
Spondylosis (spinal osteoarthritis) is a degenerative disorder that may cause loss of normal spinal structure and function

Question 5

An orthotic fitter should NEVER do a patient assessment.
a. True
b. False

Answer 5

B. False

Orthotic Fitters should do assessments on all patients. You have to look and listen and document.

Question 6

The listed are intrinsic factors that play a role in a normal gait except:
a. body type
b. joint ROM
c. Footwear
d. All of the above

Answer 6

C. Footwear

Intrinsic -Originating or due to causes within a body, organ, or part
Shoes would not be an intrinsic factor.

Question 7

Pertaining to he gait cycle which muscle plays the major role during mid-swing?
a. hamstring
b. Anterior Tibialis
c. foot extrinsic
d. all of the above

Answer 7

a. hamstring
Hamstring fires to pull leg forward

Question 8

When measuring for compression stocking, this should be done:
a. at the end of the day to insure the leg is at its maximum size
b. after patient has been sitting for a few minutes to allow the leg to swell
c. first thing in the morning so swelling is decreased
d. at the time of the patient’s appointment

Answer 8

C. For best results the stockings should be measured in the morning.

Question 9

Which is not a risk factor for Venus insufficiency?
a. prolonged standing
b. traveling
c. heredity
d. lack of strength

Answer 9

d. lack of strength
doesn’t play a role in venous insufficiency

Question 10

What would a prolapse of the annulus fibrosis describe?
a. stenosis
b. Herniated disc
c. spondylosis

Answer 10

b. herniated disc

Annulus Fibrosis another term for disc or cartilage between each vertebrae

Question 11

A patient who sustains a compression fracture will have severe pain until braced.
a. True
b. False

Answer 11

b. False

Pt may or may not display severe pain before bracing

Question 12

A patient who stands with knees turned out may have:
a. Blount’s disease
b. osteophytes
c. Haglund’s deformity

Answer 12

a. Blounts disease is severe bowleggedness)

An osteophyte is a bony outgrowth associated with the degeneration of cartilage at joints.
Haglund’s deformity is a bony enlargement (Pump bump) on the back of the heel.

Question 13

If a patient has a positive apprehension test what condition is being assessed?
a. SLAP lesion
b. a positive Q-angle
c. patellar subluxation

Answer 13

c. patellar subluxation

The apprehension test is for Patellar conditions. If done o the shoulder, it would be for instability not a labrum tear (SLAP)

Question 14

A tailor’s bunion is a bunion at the 5th metatarsal head.
a true
b. false

Answer 14

a true

A Tailors bunion is a deformity that causes a bony lump, that can also include soft tissue, to develop around the small toe joint on the outside of your foot. Tailors bunions are not as common as bunions. The bony lump can make your foot wider, making it more difficult to find footwear that is comfortable.

Question 15

Osteoporosis is more prevalent in females than males:
a. true
b. false

Answer 15

A. true
Osteoporosis is more prevalent in females.

Question 16

Lisfranc fracture is a fracture found in:
a. the wrist
b. the shoulder
c. the foot

Answer 16

c. the foot

Lisfranc (midfoot) injuries result if bones in the midfoot are broken or ligaments that support the midfoot are torn.

Question 17

When providing a heel lift for a patient who has a LLD this material works best:
a. plastic
b. cork
c. felt

Answer 17

b. cork

Best answer is cork, plastic is too rigid and felt compresses quickly.

Question 18

Osgood Schlatter’s disease is a disease that causes pain in:
a. the knee
b. the hip
c. the foot

Answer 18

a. the knee

Osgood–Schlatter disease or syndrome (also known as tibial tubercle apophyseal traction injury) is an irritation of the patellar tendon at the tibial tuberosity

Question 19

Severe’s disease is a disease that causes pain in:
a. the knee
b. the hip
c. the foot

Answer 19

c. the foot
Sever’s disease or calcaneal apophysitis is the most common cause of heel pain in the growing athlete

Question 20

A Bennett’s fracture:
a. is a fracture of the 1st metatarsal
b. is a fracture of the distal radius
c. is a fracture of the 1st metacarpal

Answer 20

c. is a fracture of the 1st metacarpal

Bennett’s fracture is a fracture of the base of the first metacarpal bone which extends into the carpometacarpal (CMC) joint.

Question 21

When a patient has CMC Arthritis and they have pain while trying to pinch their thumb to their index finger, the brace you supply should:
a. provide warmth
b. place thumb in maximum abduction
c. block carpometacarpal joint

Answer 21

c. block carpometacarpal joint

The joint needs to be limited if they have pain with pinching - it is the best answer.
CMC arthritis or basal joint arthritis or thumb arthritis. Thumb arthritis is genetic and typically comes with age. Patients with thumb arthritis report pain and weakness with pinching and grasping.

Question 22

Upon examination of your patient’s foot, you note pallor on the dorsum of the foot. Which of these words best describe the word “pallor”?
a. Blotchy appearance
b. Paleness
c. Bluish
d. Redness

Answer 22

b. Paleness

Blotchy - Dyschromia; Mottling.
Bluish - cyanosis
Redness - erythema

Question 23

Upon examination of your patient’s feet, you note a unilateral surface temperature of 99 degrees Fahrenheit. Of what could this be indicative?
a. Peripheral Neuropathy
b. Limited Range of Motion
c. Possible infection
d. Decreased circulation to that foot

Answer 23

c. Possible infection

Question 24

Which of these findings may indicate the patient has circulatory issues in the feet?
a. Foot is hairless
b. Surface pedal temperature is 84 degrees Fahrenheit
c. Posterior Tibialis pulse is palpable and strong
d. Capillary Refill takes 2 seconds

Answer 24

a. Foot is hairless

Because blood encourages hair growth, lack of hair on the feet or lower legs may also be an indicator. Poor circulation can also cause the feet to be excessively cool (maybe even ice cold), and can cause the feet to fall asleep easily.

Question 25

This is a condition causing extremely weak and fragile bones, which makes them susceptible to fractures. People with this condition often also have loose joints with hypermobility:
a. Syndactyly
b. Cerebral palsy
c. Osteogenesis imperfecta
d. Hemophilia

Answer 25

c. Osteogenesis imperfecta

Syndactyly is a condition in which children are born with fused or webbed fingers.
Cerebral palsy (CP) is a group of disorders that affect a person’s ability to move and maintain balance and posture. CP is the most common motor disability in childhood.
Hemophilia is usually an inherited bleeding disorder in which the blood does not clot properly.

Question 26

This is a degenerative disease of the hip joint characterized by osteonecrosis of the femoral head. Typically found in young children:
a. Charcot foot
b. Charcot Marie Tooth
c. Muscular dystrophy
d. Legg-Calve-Perthes

Answer 26

d. Legg-Calve-Perthes

Charcot foot is a condition causing weakening of the bones in the foot that can occur in people who have significant nerve damage (neuropathy). The bones are weakened enough to fracture, and with continued walking, the foot eventually changes shape.
Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease is a group of inherited disorders that cause nerve damage. This damage is mostly in the arms and legs (peripheral nerves); is also called hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy.
Muscular dystrophy is a group of diseases that cause progressive weakness and loss of muscle mass. In muscular dystrophy, abnormal genes (mutations) interfere with the production of proteins needed to form healthy muscle.

Question 27

This condition is caused by an interruption of the blood supply to any part of the brain. As a result, the affected area of the brain is unable to function, leading to an inability to move one or more limbs on one side of the body:
a. Cerebral vascular accident
b. Charcot Marie Tooth
c. Charcot foot
d. Muscular dystrophy

Answer 27

a. Cerebral vascular accident

Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease is a group of inherited disorders that cause nerve damage, mostly in the arms and legs (peripheral nerves)
Charcot foot is a condition causing weakening of the bones in the foot that can occur in people who have significant nerve damage (neuropathy).
Muscular dystrophy is a group of diseases that cause progressive weakness and loss of muscle mass.

Question 28

This condition is the result of damage to a ligament which is the fibrous band which connects bone to bone:
a. Fracture
b. Sprains
c. Ruptures
d. Cerebral vascular accident

Answer 28

b. Sprains

Question 29

Causes of edema may include all but:
a. Some medicines
b. Sunburn
c. Problems with lymph nodes
d. Eating too little salt

Answer 29

d. Eating too little salt

Question 30

This type of edema occurs because of dilation, or enlargement, of the veins and dysfunction of their valves:
a. Dependent edema
b. Myxedema
c. Lymphedema
d. Venous edema

Answer 30

d. Venous edema - presents primarily in the ankle or lower part of the calf. It is relieved after rest or elevation of the feet, and it worsens during the day.

Dependent edema is specific to parts of the body that that are influenced by gravity, such as your legs, feet, or arms.
Myxedema describes a specific form of cutaneous and dermal edema secondary to increased deposition of connective tissue components.
Lymphedema refers to tissue swelling caused by an accumulation of protein-rich fluid that’s usually drained through the body’s lymphatic system.

Question 31

This type of edema may be due to obstruction from pressure from a cancer, enlarged lymph nodes, destruction of lymph vessels by radiotherapy, or infiltration of the lymphatics by infection:
a. Dependent edema
b. Myxedema
c. Venous edema
d. Lymphedema

Answer 31

d. Lymphedema - refers to tissue swelling caused by an accumulation of protein-rich fluid that’s usually drained through the body’s lymphatic system.

Dependent edema is specific to parts of the body that that are influenced by gravity, such as your legs, feet, or arms.
Myxedema - specific form of cutaneous and dermal edema secondary to increased deposition of connective tissue components.
Venous edema - presents primarily in the ankle or lower part of the calf. It is relieved after rest or elevation of the feet, and it worsens during the day.

Question 32

This is a long-term disease that causes inflammation of the joints between the spinal bones and the joints between the spine and the pelvis, eventually causes the affected spinal bones to join together:
a. Vertebral compression fracture
b. Discitis
c. Burst fracture
d. Ankylosing Spondylitis

Answer 32

d. Ankylosing Spondylitis

Vertebral compression fractures (VCFs) occur when the bony block or vertebral body in the spine collapses
Discitis is a serious but uncommon medical diagnosis. It is an infection of the intervertebral disc space.
Burst fractures are much more severe than compression fractures. The bones spread out in all directions and may damage the spinal cord. It is crushed in all directions.

Question 33

This occurs when the bones of the spine become broken due to trauma. Usually the trauma necessary to break the bones of the spine is quite large. In certain circumstances, however, such as in elderly people and in people with cancer, these same bones can break with little or no force. The vertebrae most commonly broken are those in the lower back:
a. Discitis
b. Ankylosing Spondylitis
c. Degenerative Disc Disease
d. Vertebral compression fracture

Answer 33

d. Vertebral compression fracture

Question 34

This is an inward curvature of a portion of the vertebral column. Although the human spine has some normal inward curvature, excessive inward curvature can be caused by tight low back muscles, excessive visceral fat, and pregnancy:
a. Lordosis
b. Scoliosis
c. Osteoporosis
d. Kyphosis

Answer 34

a. Lordosis

Scoliosis is a sideways curve of the spine. ICD-10 code M41. 9 for Scoliosis
Osteoporosis is a bone disease that develops when bone mineral density and bone mass decreases, or when the structure and strength of bone changes.
Kyphosis is an exaggerated, forward rounding of the upper back.

Question 35

This condition is characterized by pain that shoots down the leg. A bulging or ruptured (herniated) disc is the most common cause of this pain:
a. Kyphosis
b. Sciatica
c. Scoliosis
d. Ankylosing Spondylitis

Answer 35

b. Sciatica

Question 36

This upper extremity pathology is caused by an abnormal thickening of tough tissue (fibrous layer) underneath the skin of the palm and fingers that can cause the fingers to curl:
a. Dupuytren Contracture
b. Lupus
c. Mallet Finger
d. Rheumatoid arthritis

Answer 36

a. Dupuytren Contracture

Question 37

This deformity of a finger is caused when the extensor tendon is damaged preventing the finger or thumb is not able to be straightened:
a. Lupus
b. Dupuytren Contracture
c. Rheumatoid arthritis
d. Mallet Finger

Answer 37

d. Mallet Finger

Question 38

This is a condition where the outer part of the elbow becomes sore and tender. Also known as lateral epicondylitis:
a. Tennis Elbow
b. Elbow Subluxation
c. Bursitis
d. Carpel Tunnel

Answer 38

a. Tennis Elbow

Question 39

This conditions is caused by compression of the median nerve at the wrist, which may result in numbness, tingling, weakness, or muscle damage in the hand and fingers:
a. Carpel Tunnel
b. Elbow Subluxation
c. Epicondylitis
d. Bursitis

Answer 39

a. Carpel Tunnel

Question 40

Measuring from floor to knee center would be this type of measurement:
a. Circumferential
b. M/L
c. Length
d. A/P

Answer 40

c. Length

Circumferential - The use of a tape to measure the circumference of a limb at selected anatomic locations.
M/L - determine the Medio-Lateral (ML) width
A/P determine the Anterior-Posterior (AP) width

Question 41

Measurements that are done at the Natural Waist would include all but:
a. A/P
b. Angular
c. Circumfrential
d. M/L

Answer 41

b. Angular

Question 42

The long-term effects of skeletal malalignment can include the acquisition of pathomechanical deformities.
a. False
b. True

Answer 42

b. True

Question 43

One of the objectives with bracing is to provide Intervention with the least amount of control necessary.
a. False
b. True

Answer 43

b. True

Question 44

Stance phase consists of what percent of the gait cycle?
Select one:
a. 50
b. 38
c. 25
d. 62

Answer 44

d. 62

Stance phase of gait occupies apprx 60% of the total gait cycle, during which some part of the foot is in contact with the ground. It is further divided into four periods: loading response, midstance, terminal stance, and preswing.
Swing phase is divided into three periods: initial swing, midswing, and terminal swing.

Question 45

Another name for Terminal Stance is:
Select one:
a. Foot flat
b. Toe off
c. Heel off
d. Heel strike

Answer 45

c. Heel off

Question 46

This gait consists of a limp adopted so as to avoid pain on weight bearing structures (as in hip, knee, or ankle injuries), characterized by a very short stance phase on the injured side:
Select one:
a. An Apraxic gait
b. An ataxic gait
c. An antalgic gait
d. A Trendelenburg gait

Answer 46

c. An antalgic gait

Gait apraxia (leading to falls)
Ataxic gait is often characterized by difficulty walking in a straight line, lateral veering, poor balance, a widened base of support, inconsistent arm motion, and lack of repeatability.
Trendelenburg gait is an abnormal gait resulting from a defective hip abductor mechanism.