Anatomy - Physiology - Biomechanics Flashcards
BOC course exams
The central nervous system is made up of nerve tissues which provide stimuli and govern the motions of the body.
TRUE/FALSE
TRUE
The tissue that transports the necessary nutrients to the body and to all tissues and cells is:
a. Epithelial Tissue
b. Nerve Tissue
c. Muscles
d. Blood Tissue
d. Blood Tissue
The main function of the skeletal system is:
a. to allow for range of motion
b. to act as a foundation for the body
c. to allow body to stand erect
b. to act as a foundation for the body
The axial skeleton is formed by the
a. Lower extremities
b. Pelvic girdle
c. Head, ribs and spine
d. Pectoral girdle
c. Head, ribs and spine
The appendicular skeleton:
a. protects the major organs
b. protects the appendix
c. provides for locomotion
d. provides movement of the head and neck
c. provides for locomotion
- Movements are controlled by the nervous system and are enabled by the
a. bones
b. muscles
c. joints
d. organs
b. muscles
One of the most important things the skeletal system provides is protection of the vital organs.
TRUE/ FALSE
TRUE
Some joints are fibrous and immovable
TRUE
FALSE
TRUE
Semi-movable joints are found in the:
a. Thumb
b. Neck
c. Symphysis pubis
d. radiocarpal joint
c. Symphysis pubis
The movements possible with synovial joints are:
a. Rotation
b. Extension
c. Adduction/Abduction
d. all of the above
d. all of the above
- Ligaments are a band of tough, fibrous connective tissue connecting muscles to bone.
TRUE/FALSE
FALSE
Ligaments join one bone to another bone.
TRUE/FALSE
TRUE
Tendons are firmly attached to the muscle cells at one end and at the other end the tendons enter the bone and blend with both the periosteum surrounding the bone and the fibers within the bone itself.
TRUE/ FALSE
TRUE
The Thoracic curve is Posterior
TRUE/FALSE
TRUE
The Lumbar vertebrae have two additional joints whch provide attachments for the ribs on both sides.
TRUE/FALSE
FALSE
Spinal injuries occur most often in the Lumbosacral Joint.
TRUE/FALSE
TRUE
The Pelvic Ring connects the vertebral column to the femurs.
TRUE
FALSE
FALSE
The largest and most complex joint is the
a. Hip Joint
b. Shoulder Joint
c. Knee Joint
d. Elbow Joint
a. Hip Joint
The long bones of the upper extremity are the humerus, radial, ulna.
TRUE/FALSE
TRUE
The elbow joint has movement in what plane(s)?
a. Rotation
b. Flexion/Extension
c. Abduction/Adduction
d. Supination/Pronation
b. Flexion/Extension
The wrist is known as the radio-carpal joint.
TRUE/FALSE
TRUE
In the carpal area of the hand there are
a. 36 bones
b. 206 bones
c. 13 bones
d. 4 bones
c. 13 bones
Sesamoid bones are ossified nodes embedded in the tendons of the hand and vary in number with different people.
TRUE/FALSE
TRUE
The boney landmark lateral malleolus is found at :
a. the distal end of the fibula
b. the proximal end of fibula
c. the subtalar junction
d. the distal end of the tibia
a. the distal end of the fibula
If a patient is flexing their elbow, what plane does this occur?
a. frontal
b. sagittal
c. transverse
b. sagittal
Acromion is found in this part of the body:
a. Hip
b. Back
c. Shoulder
d. All of the above
c. Shoulder
In the anatomical position, the thumb is:
a. Abducted
b. Medial to the Midline
c. Supinated
a. Abducted
The lumbar spine consist of how many vertebrae?
a. 3
b. 12
c. 5
d. 4
c. 5
What nerve is most likely affected on a patient with foot drop?
a. tibial nerve
b. peroneal nerve.
c. medial plantar nerve
b. The deep peroneal nerve innervates the muscles of the anterior compartment of the leg which are: tibialis anterior, extensor hallucis longus, extensor digitorum longus, and the fibularis (peroneus) tertius. Together these muscles are responsible for dorsiflexion of the foot and extension of the toes.
Foot Drop - dropping of forefoot due to weakness or damage.
A boney landmark at the distal end of the wrist is the:
a. styloid process
b. epicondyle
c. radial tuberosity
a. styloid process
In anatomy, a styloid process (from Greek stylos, “pillar”), usually serving as points of attachment for muscles, refers to the slender, pointed process
Genu Valgus is a position of the knee joint commonly called:
a. Bowlegged
b. Recurvatum
c. Knock kneed
d. Normal knee
c. knock kneed
Genu Varus is bowlegged
Volar surface is the same as:
a. palmar surface
b. Plantar Surface
c. Dorsal Surface
d. Medial Surface
a. palmar surface (could also include b. Plantar surface)
“Volar” pertains to palmar or sole but the best answer in relationship to fitting is the palm. A physician often ask for volar brace when requesting a Wrist brace. They would not ask for a Volar brace for the sole of the foot.
The cervical spine curves:
a. Posterior
b. Anterior
c. Neither
b. Anterior
The thoracic spine curves:
A. posterior
B. Anterior
C. Neither
A. posterior
The lumbar spine curves:
A. posterior
B. Anterior
C. Neither
B. Anterior
To move an extremity away from the midline is called:
a. abduction
b. adduction
c. circumduction
a. abduction
The cuboid is located __________ calcaneus
a. Anterior to
b. lateral to
c. proximal to
d. distal to
a. Anterior to
What is the primary function of a joint?
a. motion
b. support
c. attach one bone to the other
a. motion
The longest nerve in the body is:
a. saphenous nerve
b. sciatic nerve
c. sympathetic nerve
b. sciatic nerve
The spine is placed in what position when lying prone?
a. extension
b. flexion
c. lateral
a. extension
prone = face down; on stomach
supine = face up; on back
The longest and strongest bone in your body is:
a. the femur
b. the humerus
c. the tibia
d. spine
a. the femur
type of bone:
a. tuberosity
b. sesmoid
c. trochanter
b. sesmoid
Spondylolisthesis is most prevalent in:
a. geriatrics
b. adolescents
c. both the same
c. both the same
We see degenerative related issues in geriatrics.
Non degenerative in adolescents.
A Bennett’s fracture:
a. is a fracture of the 1st metatarsal
b. is a fracture of the distal radius
c. is a fracture of the 1st metacarpal
c. is a fracture of the 1st metacarpal
which extends into the carpometacarpal (CMC) joint.
Pain in the Snuff box can be associated with:
a. a scaphoid fracture
b. Keinbocks disease
c. mallet finger
a. a scaphoid fracture
The anatomical snuffbox is a triangular deepening on the radial, dorsal aspect of the hand at the level of the carpal bones,
Kienbock’s disease is a disorder of the wrist
The mandible is located in the:
a. Upper Extremity
b. Head
c. Trunk Region
d. Lower Extremity
b. Head
The Umbilicus is located in the:
a. Head
b. Abdomen
c. Upper Extremity
d. Lower Extremity
b. Abdomen
The general term for the prominent structures or features of the human body that can be located and described by visual inspection or palpation at the body’s surface:
a. Styloid Processes
b. AP/ML Measurements
c. Anatomical Landmarks
d. Medial Plateau
c. Anatomical Landmarks
These use vessel size, controlled by the sympathetic nervous system, to move blood by differing pressure gradients:
a. Capillaries
b. Lymphatic ducts
c. Arteries
d. Veins
c. Arteries
The Somatic and Autonomic nervous systems are part of:
a. The Central Nervous System
b. The Peripheral Nervous System
c. Both a and b
d. The Circulatory System
The Peripheral Nervous System
b. The Peripheral Nervous System
The largest organ in the lymphatic system is:
a. The spleen
b. The thymus
c. The tonsils
d. The lymph nodes
a. The spleen
The liquid part of blood is called:
a. Red blood cells
b. Plasma
c. White blood cells
d. Water
b. Plasma
These use one-way valves controlled by muscle contractions to move the blood:
a. Lymphatic ducts
b. Veins
c. Capillaries
d. Arteries
b. Veins
These are thin-walled blood vessels in which gas, nutrient and waste exchange occur:
a. Arteries
b. Arterioles
c. Capillaries
d. Veins
c. Capillaries
Oxygenation and carbon-dioxide removal of the blood occurs here:
a. Heart
b. Lungs
c. Capillaries
d. Arterioles
b. Lungs
Plasma composes ______ of the blood:
a. 25%
b. 35%
c. 55%
d. 75%
c. 55%
The suffix “-osis” means:
a. Pathology
b. Inflammation
c. Painful
d. Abnormal condition
d. Abnormal condition
The suffix “-algia” means:
a. Abnormal condition
b. Painful
c. Pathology
d. Inflammation
b. Painful
The prefix “Os” or “Osteo” means:
a. Duct
b. Vessle
c. Muscle
d. Bone
d. Bone
An incomplete or partial dislocation is a:
a. Sprain
b. Subluxation
c. Strain
d. Fracture
b. Subluxation
True or false. Babies have more bones than adults.
a. True
b. False
a. True
Short bones are typically found in these areas:
a. Wrists
b. Cranium
c. Ankles
d. Wrists and Ankle
d. Wrists and Ankle
Landmarks of the foot include all but:
a. Styloid Process
b. Metatarsal Heads
c. Navicular
d. Tibial Crest
d. Tibial Crest
The symphysis pubis is located in the:
a. Anterior trunk
b. Lower Extremity
c. Posterior trunk
d. Upper Extremity
a. Anterior trunk
The Lateral malleolus is the distal end of the:
a. Femur
b. Sternum
c. Fibula
d. Tibia
c. Fibula
This cardinal plane divides the body into left and right:
a. Transverse
b. Coronal
c. Sagittal
d. Frontal
c. Sagittal
Bending parts of a joint together so that the angle is decreased is called:
a. Extension
b. Flexion
c. Rotation
d. Circumduction
b. Flexion
Amount of dorsiflexion required for normal gait is:
a. 10 degrees
b. 20 degrees
c. 30 degrees
d. 5 degrees
a. 10 degrees
All of the following is true of the Skeletal System except:
a. It acts as a storehouse for certain minerals
b. It protects our internal organs
c. It produces both red and white blood cells
d. It acts as a filter for the lymphatic system
d. It acts as a filter for the lymphatic system
Oxygenation and carbon-dioxide removal of the blood occurs here:
a. Heart
b. Capillaries
c. Lungs
d. Arterioles
c. Lungs
The Popliteal Fossa is located in the:
Select one:
a. Anterior Lower Extremity
b. Posterior Trunk
c. Posterior Lower Extremity
d. Anterior Trunk
c. Posterior Lower Extremity
Kinetics is a study of motion and its causes
TRUE
FALSE
TRUE
What role does the skeletal system play?
a. protects the vital organs
b. provides shape and support
c. allows us to move
d. all of the above
d. all of the above
The center of gravity in the human body is always located approximately at the navel.
TRUE
FALSE
FALSE
Some motions can even move the Center of Gravity outside of the persons body
Force influences an inanimate object causing it to move an example of this is
a. line of gravity
b. base of support
c. a runners foot pushing off the starting block
d. center of gravity
e. in item at rest
c. a runners foot pushing off the starting block
There are three basic levers which influence mobility in the human body.
TRUE
FALSE
TRUE
Class 1 - fulcrum placed midway between the load and the effort (think seesaw)
Class 2 - load is situated between the effort and the fulcrum (think wheelbarrow)
Class 3 - effort placed between the load and the fulcrum ((think hammer)
Which is true regarding the length of levers.
a. longer levers result in greater speed at the end of the lever arm
b. shorter levers can be moved with less effort and at greater speeds
c. Neither A or B
d. Both A and B
d. Both A and B
The pivot point in a lever is called the fulcrum
TRUE
FALSE
TRUE
When a human is attempting to lift an object with their arm at their side (doing bicep curls) where is the fulcrum?
a. in the biceps
b. at the shoulder
c. in the hand
d. mid way in the forearm
e. at the elbow
e. at the elbow
The first law of inertia pertains to an object remaining at rest unless acted upon by an unbalanced force.
TRUE
FALSE
TRUE
Running into a brick wall is an example of the third law “for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction.
TRUE
FALSE
FALSE
Running into a brick wall is more second law - it is easier to move lighter objects than heavier ones. Force = mass x acceleration
The line of gravity must be outside the base of support to cause movement.
True
False
True
The direction of the line of gravity takes relative to the base of support will dictate the direction of movement and the further away the line of gravity is from the base of support the more apt the body will move in that direction
Having an unbalanced foot or ankle can cause imbalance of the knee, hip or shoulders.
TRUE
FALSE
TRUE
The cervical spine curves forward “convex”.
TRUE
FALSE
FALSE
The neck (cervical) and low back (lumbar) regions have a slight concave curve, and the thoracic and sacral regions have a gentle convex curve
The saucer shaped membrane bone at the posterior lower part of the cranium is the:
a. dens
b. mandible
c. atlas
d. occipital
c. atlas
The atlas (C1) pivots on the Dens (the toothlike process that projects upward on the Axis (C2) to form the joint connecting the skull and spine.
The sternomastoid muscle allows:
a. the head to flex and rotate
b. hyperextend
c. spin
d. abduct
a. the head to flex and rotate
The only vertebrae that do not have an intervertebral disc between them are
a. C1-C2
b. C2-C3
c. C3-C4
d. C4-C5
a. C1-C2
The cervical plexus is
a. the joint between the head and neck
b. a network of nerves
c. a muscle group in the neck
d. located in the upper thoracic
b. a network of nerves
The cervical plexus is a group of nerves from C1-C5 and are located laterally to the transverse processes. they innervate the back of the head and some neck muscles.
The intervertebral disk acts as a shock absorber or pad between the body of the vertebrae.
TRUE
FALSE
TRUE
Which motions occur at both the elbow and shoulder joints?
a. abduction and flexion
b. circumduction and flexion
c. extension and flexion
c. extension and flexion
The only motions listed that you can do at both are extension and flexion.
A single cycle of gait is defined as the time:
a. from heel off on one foot to heel of of the other
b. from heel off of one foot to push off of the other foot
c. from heel off of one foot to heel off of the same foot
d. foot flat to mid-stance
c. from heel off of one foot to heel off of the same foot
The gait cycle begins when one foot contacts the ground and ends when that foot contacts the ground again.
The term “Costa” pertains to:
a. scapula
b. coyxx
c. ribs
c. ribs
Costa pertains to ribs or rib area.
This part of the body would not play a role when fitting a humeral fracture brace:
a. Antecubital space
b. axillary region
c. Acromioclavicular joint
c. Acromioclavicular joint
A and B both need to be examined after fitting brace to prevent rubbing.
Most of the body’s fluids that are found outside of the cells are normally stored in:
a. The bone marrow
b. The blood vessels
c. The kidneys
d. The interstitial spaces
d. The interstitial spaces
The interstitial space that lies between blood vessels and cells provides the fluid and structural environment surrounding those cells.
All of the following is true of the Skeletal System except:
a. It produces both red and white blood cells
b. It acts as a filter for the lymphatic system
c. It protects our internal organs
d. It acts as a storehouse for certain minerals
b. It acts as a filter for the lymphatic system
The science dealing with measurement of the size, weight, and proportions of the human body is called:
a. Muscle testing
b. Biomechanics
c. Kinesiology
d. Anthropometry
d. Anthropometry
