Evaluation of Physical Fitness Flashcards
What are the components of Health Related Physical Fitness? (5)
- Cardio-respiratory endurance – aerobic power
- Muscular Endurance
- Strength
- Flexibility
- Body Composition
What are the objectives of Physical Fitness Testing? (5)
- To access the status of individuals entering a program
- To evaluate an individuals progress
- To evaluate the success of a program in achieving its objectives
- To increase motivation for entering or adhering to an exercise program
- To aid in prescribing or limiting activities of certain individuals
Describe medical clearance and human rights.
The subject’s human rights are respected - Informed Consent Form. The subject is given a thorough explanation of the purpose of the test, possible risks, benefits etc.
What are the characteristics of a Good Physical Fitness Test? (6)
Validity, Reliability, Objectivity, Accuracy, Norms, Economy
What does measurement error cause?
The observed value of a measure to differ from the true value.
Describe a valid test.
A valid test is one that measures effectively what it is supposed to measure. Compare the test results to a criterion measure or reference standard - there should be a high relationship.
Describe reliability.
Results consistent and reproducible. Reliable test yields same or approximately same scores when administered twice to same individuals, provided conditions & subjects are essentially the same.
What is error?
A deviation in a measurement, observation, or calculation from the truth.
Describe random errors.
Random errors influence results in statistically unpredictable manner. Cause results to spread in both directions (positive & negative) about the true value. Always certain amount of random errors due to combination of technical error and biological variation in performance.
What to do when result is not repeatable?
Result not repeatable -> random errors -> repeat measurement several times & take mean
Describe test administration.
Test administration should be rigidly controlled - standard instructions to subjects, standard procedures, standard order of test items and recovery times between items, standard environmental temp. & humidity, & standard equipment & equipment calibration procedures
Skills that require a high proficiency of coordination & reaction should be tested before any tests that may cause fatigue & decrease performance.
Describe objectivity
The lvl to which multiple testers agree on the scoring of tests.
How to optimize objectivity? (3)
Best to use trained testers, a predetermined scoring system, & if possible one designated tester.
What is accuracy? (3)
A measure of how close a result is to the “true” value. Accuracy w/which things are measured or w/which differences are perceived depends upon PRECISION of measuring instruments
All measuring instruments have their limitations
Describe systematic errors
Errors that systematically shift the measurements in one direction away from true value. Can be caused by instrumentation errors or by the use of incorrect measurement techniques. Systematic errors caused by measuring instrument can be estimated by comparison w/more accurate & reliable instrument - CALIBRATION of instruments
What are norms?
Allow a relative rating or classification of subject’s performance. Describes person’s position in a POPULATION… describes subject in relation to large # of people who have taken test
Why use norm
If only info available about subject’s test performance is raw score, interpreting meaningfully can be difficult.
3 Q’s to ask when evaluating quality of norm charts
1) Were sampling procedures for construction of norms based on wide distribution of population?
2) Was large sample size used to construct the norms?
3) Are norms being used for specific groups for which they were prepared?
What is percentile?
Point or position on theoretical scale of 100 divisions such that certain fraction of population of raw scores lies at or below that point
What is median
50th percentile, score that divides distribution so that 50% of scores are above point & 50% fall below
What two factors does the economy consider?
Money costs & time required of subjects & tests
Other things being reasonably equal (validity, reliability, accuracy) choose a test that meets ur objectives & requires little in money & time
Describe lab tests
Typically require specialized equipment & specialized training for test administrator. Usually administered to only 1 person @ time
Describe field tests
Require no expensive equipment & little, if any, specialized training. Tests can be administered to group of individuals @ same time, usually less precise than lab tests.
