Evaluation apprehension theory Flashcards
who thought of this theory
Cottrell, 1972
Cottrell believed what
that social facilitation was constructed through our learning experiences of rewards and punishments.
Building on drive theory by stating that it’s the evaluation that causes the dominant response as opposed to the mere presence of others
Someone evaluating you can cause upset and anxiety
Social facilitation in EA theory
confident in ability=being watched makes you perform well=high arousal=high stake situation
social inhibition in EA theory
not confident=worrying about task=performance decreases
study by Cottrell 1968
conducted an experiment where participants took part in a simple task where they had to read nonsense words out loud, some of the participants’ audience were blindfolded and some were not. The use of the blindfold took away the feeling of judgement,
Results shows that when the audience were blindfolded, there were less mistakes made when compared to those who had the not blindfolded audience
easy task…
drive overtakes and performance increases
difficult task…
conflict narrow resources, performance decreases
What did Guerin and Innes 1982 find
that social facilitation effects might mainly happen when participants could not observe the audience are so are unsure about their evaluation
What did Bartis et al 1998 do
conducted an experiment where participants had to think of uses for knives. Half the participants had to think of creative uses (complex task) They further halved the groups; one half into thinking they were being evaluated independently and the other half into thinking they were being evaluated as a group.
Results showed that those who were tested individually had more results in the simple task than in the complex task
So, being evaluated increases performance on simple tasks but not on difficult
what did Henchy and Glass find in 1968
that males who felt their performance was being evaluated gave a more dominant response than those who were not being evaluated
Further extension by who?
Blascovich et al 2008
Explain Blascovich et al 2008
activation only increases when participants feel the audience is capable of evaluating the performance
They found that when participants performed in front of an audience that was focused just on them- not distracted, they gave better performance
Who conducted a meta analysis
Bond 1983
what did bond find
that even when in the presence of non-visible, non-evaluative audiences, then responses are still better
CONTRADICTORY
MORE RESEARCH NEEDS TO BE DONE
ORDER
what is the EA theory Cottrell 1968 Studies; Guerin and Innes 1982 Bartis et al 1988 Henchy and Glass 1968 Further extension- Blascovich et al 2008 Bond 1983
