Evaluating Arguments/ fallacies

Question 1

Define logical fallacy

Answer 1

type of argument that is in some respect logically defective but still apt to convince the unwary

Question 2

Ad Hominem

Answer 2

an attempt to undermine a claim or positions by appealing to negative or prejudicial features of the character when those factors are of little or no relevance to its truth or falsity

Question 3

irrelevant appeal to Authority

Answer 3

the argument appeals to a possible authority it advances its conclusion on the strength of the claim that the authority accepts or endorses the the proportion concerned

Question 4

irrelevant appeal to popular opinion and why is it logically invalid

Answer 4

advances its conclusion on the ground that popular opinion agrees with it
invalid- popular opinion is favors the conclusion is irrelevant

Question 5

fallacy of irrelevant emotional appeal any is it logically invalid

Answer 5

appeal to emotional factors. Emotions concerned are not relevant to the question of whether the conclusion is true or false

Question 6

Argument from ignorance fallacy and why is it logically invalid

Answer 6

an argument for the conclusion based on the claim that its opposite has not been proved or established.
invalid- the absence of a proof of the proof of the proportions opposed tp the conclusion does not favor the truth of the conclusion

Question 7

Fallacy of ambiguity and why is it logically invalid

Answer 7

argument involves ambiguous word or expression that is used in different way at different points
invalid- appearance of strength or validity disappears when the argument is expressed whiteout the use the ambiguous words or expressions

Question 8

False Dilemma fallacy and why is it invalid

Answer 8

the argument depends on the dilemma
invalid- dilemma fails to cover all the relevant alternatives

Question 9

straw man fallacy and why is it invalid

Answer 9

attack on someone’s position that depends on a misinterpretation of of the position which makes it easier to criticize

Question 10

Fallacy of Circular argument

Answer 10

conclusion is presupposed by one or more premises in such a way that anyone who understands the premises and conclusion could not accept the premises without accepting the conclusion independently

Question 11

Fallacy of accent

Answer 11

manipulating facts.
drawing attention to some points while directing attention away from other. in order to deceive others

Question 12

Argument to the people

Answer 12

ignore relevant facts or points which ought to be investigated by using emotional language

Question 13

complex questions

Answer 13

people attempt to get us to assume a state of affairs which doesn’t exist

Question 14

Argument from force

Answer 14

coerce someone into accepting particular through the use of force

Question 15

Argument from pity

Answer 15

reason from the fact that that someone deserves sympathy to an unrelated conclusion