Arguments

Question 1

Define an Argument

Answer 1

When someone tries to persuade you to believe or do something and gives you reasons furthermore it is the intellectual process by which on presents reasons for holding beliefs

Question 2

What are the two different types of arguments and their definitions

Answer 2

Deductive Arguments - conclusion necessarily follows.
non- deductive- even if premise is true conclusion doesn’t necessarily follow but it merely probable

Question 3

Define an assertion

Answer 3

forceful claim for a belief made without providing reason for the claim

Question 4

define description

Answer 4

a claim or series of claims that is made which may be true in context of its use

Question 5

Define a premise

Answer 5

logically supports the conclusion it, it is a reason given in a argument for holding the conclusion as true or justified

Question 6

Define conclusion

Answer 6

a claim, statement or propostion that an argument gives reasons for believing to show that it is true and justified

Question 7

Define support

Answer 7

gives reasons for believing that the conclusion of the argument is true

Question 8

What are premise indicators

Answer 8

since, as, because, for for the reason that, having established that, in the light of this evidence, in view of the fact that, given that

Question 9

What is a proportions and the different types

Answer 9

Arguments are made of proportions.
proportions have truth value.
There are simple proportions which don’t contain other propostions as component parts.
compound propostion which do contain other propostions

Question 10

What is a single support argument

Answer 10

only one support for conclusion

Question 11

Joint support argument

Answer 11

two premises but premise one doesnt provide a reason for conclusion with premise two

Question 12

independent support

Answer 12

the conclusion is the statement
it does not need another premise or is not needed by another premise to support the conclusion

Question 13

Extended argument

Answer 13

an argument within an argument

Question 14

What is enthymemes

Answer 14

missing premise or conclusion.
It is not necessary to say everything to our listeners

Question 15

What is the principle of charity

Answer 15

given two or more possible interpretations, apply the most plausible

Question 16

Deductive argument

Answer 16

it is asserted that the premisses provide conclusive evidence for the conclusion
deduction is a form of inference in which it is claimed that the conclusion which the propositions inferred is conclusively established by the premises

Question 17

what’s the difference between a valid and sound deductive argument

Answer 17

valid- conclusion follows premesie but premise could be false
sound- conclusion follows premise and premise is sound

Question 18

What is an inductive argument

Answer 18

even if the premise is true the conclusion doesn’t follow the
necessarily premise. rather the conclusion follows from the premises with a high degree of probability

Question 19

What is a deductively valid

Answer 19

if the assumption that the premises are all true guarantees that the conclusion is true.
conclusion follows premise- valid

Question 20

non deductively strong

Answer 20

if the assumption that the premises are all true doesn’t guarantee the truth of the conclusion, but does make the truth of the conclusion more probable than not- strong

Question 21

What are different types of non deductive arguments

Answer 21

1) Inductive arguments
Inductive generalizations
Inductions to the next instance

(2) Analogical arguments
Argument by or from analogy

(3) Abductive arguments
Inference to the best explanation

Question 22

Define relevance

Answer 22

Evidence that if true increases the likelihood that a proposition being defended is true

Question 23

Define Adequacy

Answer 23

there is adequacy when the evidence is sufficient to establish a conclusion

Question 24

Define a good argument

Answer 24

deductive valid or non deductively strong and premises are true

Question 25

What makes an argument logically satisfactory

Answer 25

(a) the premises support the conclusion, and
(b) we are justified in believing that the premises are true