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EV1011 Introduction to Sustainability > EV1011 - L1-2 Introduction to Sustainability > Flashcards

EV1011 - L1-2 Introduction to Sustainability Flashcards

NOTE: Does not finish the lecture slides. only up to where the lecture wennt to Looks at: United Nations (UN) sustainability priority areas Emerging Challenges Millenium Development Goals (MDGs)

1
Q

What are the United Nations sustainability priority areas? (6)

A 
Agriculture
Biodiversity decline
Climate change
(doctors) Health
Energy
(fresh) Water and sanitation
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2
Q

How many people lack adequate drinking water world wide?

A

783 million

783,000,000 people

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3
Q

How many people lack basic sanitation world wide?

A

2.5 billion

2,500,000,000 pepole

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4
Q

How many children die every day as a direct result of poor water and sanitation world wide?

A

6,000 children

2,200,000/year

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5
Q

How many children die in developing countries each year from preventable diseases?

A

9.7 million/year

9,700,000 children

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6
Q

How many were killed by the HIV/AIDS epidemic in 2003 globaly?

A

3 million

3,000,000 people

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7
Q

Malaria kills how many people each year?

A

1.3 million

1,300,000/year

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8
Q

Fossile fuels account for how much of the world energy needs?

A

80%

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9
Q

How many people do not have access to reliable energy sources globaly?

A

1.6 billion

1,600,000,000 people

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10
Q

What persentage of agricultural land is degraded globaly?

A

40%

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11
Q

What is Eutrophication and why is it a problem?

A

it is excessive richness in a body of water. Often due to runoff. Causes dense plant/algae growth.

Dense growth lowers oxygen levels in water upsetting other organisms

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12
Q

How much carbon dioxide is s resut of agriculture (mainly forest clearance)?

A

23-30%

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13
Q

What percentage of the worlds post glacial forests have been destroyed?

A

50%

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14
Q

How much rainforest did Brail clear in 2002?

A

25,000 squ kms

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15
Q

How much savanah land did brazil clear in 2002?

A

20,000 squ kms

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16
Q

What is the main reason for loss of habitat for animals?

A

Agriculture

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17
Q

What percentage of the worlds coral reefs are under threat?

A

75%

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18
Q

How many people does air polution kill each year globaly?

A

2 million

2,000,000 peple

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19
Q

How much is the sea level expected to rise each year? is this increasing or decreasing?

A

3.1mm/year. It is increasing

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20
Q

What is the range in poplulation predictions for 2100?

A

5.6 billion to 14 billion

21
Q

What is the world population now?

A

Over 7 billlion

22
Q

What are the emerging challenges not covered by the UN sustainability priority areas? (8)

A 
Human population
Cities and megacities
Water
Peak Oil
Poverty
Food Security
Biosecurity
Consumerism
23
Q

What regions is human population expected to increase most?

A

Less developed countries

24
Q

What percentage increase is expected for people aged over 60 world wide by 2050?

A

it is expected to nearly tripple (200% increase)

25
Q

How many mega cities were present in 2007?

A

19 mega cities

26
Q

What is a mega city?

A

A city with a population of >10 million pepole

27
Q

How much of the worlds population is expected to live in urban areas by 2050?

A

70% of people globaly

28
Q

True or False?

There is a shortage of fresh water globaly

A

False

There is plenty of water it just isn’t distributed sustainably or fairly.

29
Q

How much fresh water goes towards agriculture?

A

70% of fresh water

30
Q

Why are desalination plants not sustainable? (2)

A

They are power hungry
They are expensive (poorer countries that need water cannot afford it)
The water is available but needs to be transported to where it is needed

31
Q

What is unsustainable with using channels to transport water for farming?

A

Channels alow for large amounts of evapourisation because they are exposed to the suns heat

32
Q

Why will climate change be a major issue in regards to the global water crisis? (2)

A

Changes in rainfall

Higher temperatures causing evapourisation

33
Q

What is peak oil?

A

The point in time when the maximum rate of oil production is reached, after which the rate of production is expected to enter terminal decline

34
Q

When will peak oil be?

A

It is undefined. Some say it is now, some say it will be around 2020 some say we have already passed it.

35
Q

How long is oil supply (know deposits) expected to last?

A

Around 40 years. new deposits may be found but they will not be able to keep up with demand

36
Q

True or False?

The world would easily function if oil suply were to be cut off tomorw

A

False

Almost all aspects of society rely on oil in some way or another

37
Q

What can be done to decrease our oil consumption now? (3)

A

Increase fuel efficiency
Use other fossil fuels (eg gas, coal, oil shale)
Identify/develope alternatives (eg. biofules)

38
Q

Why will equity be effected as oil stocks become smaller?

A

Price will rise for oil and developing countries will not be able to afford oil.

39
Q

Define absolute poverty

A

No access to (including being able to afford) basic necessities of life. (food, water, clothing, shelter, health care, education)

40
Q

How is poverty a distribution problem?

A

Wealth isnt distributed evenly enough. We can afford luxuries and they can’t afford basics

41
Q

What are the negative side-effects of poverty? (4)

A

Lower life expectancy
Undermined development
Inequality (encouraging corruption, crime, violence, war, etc)
Low food security

42
Q

Define food security

A

The availability of food and an individuals access to it

43
Q

How many people are chronically hungry globaly?

A

852 million people are chronicly hungry

852,000,000 peple

44
Q

How many people lack food security globaly?

A 
2 Billion (around 30%)
2,000,000,000 people
45
Q

What has caused food security to be an issue? (6)

A

Population growth
Agricultural land becoming residential and industrial
Land degridation (soil cant grow crops)
Climate change (temp/water/air not right to grow crops)
Wheat stem rust (biosecurity)
Peaks in essentials (eg oil, fish, water, phosphorus, grain)

46
Q

What persentage of the worlds fish stocks are in distress and nearing depleation?

A

75% of fish stocks

47
Q

What does biosecurity refer to?

A

Biosecurity refers to diseases in plants and animals (macro and icro organisms and pathogens)

48
Q

What are the 2 major biosecurity issues?

A

Introduced plants and animals

Diseases affecting humans (dealt with under public health but is a biosecurity issue)

EV1011 Introduction to Sustainability (3 decks)

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