EV1006 - L3-4 Ecosystem Services

Question 1

What are the 4 ecosystem services that humans recieve?

Answer 1

Provisioning
Regulating
Cultural
Supporting

Question 2

Explain the provisioning service

Answer 2

It is products obtained from ecosystems

Eg. food, fuel, fibres, natural medicines, ornamental resources, freshwater

Question 3

Explain the regulating service

Answer 3

it is benefits obtained from the regulation of ecosystem processes

Eg. air quality regulation, water regulation, erosion regulation, pollination, natural hazard regulation

Question 4

Explain the cultural service

Answer 4

it is non-material benefits

Eg. spiritual enrichment, cognitive development, recreation, asthetic experiences

Question 5

Explain the supporting service

Answer 5

It is necessary for the production of other ecosystem services and can be both regulating and supporting

Question 6

What persentage of ecosystem services are being degraded/ used unsustainably?

Answer 6

60% (15/24 areas)

Question 7

How much of Earth’s surface is modified for human purpose?

Answer 7

30-50%

Question 8

What were ecosystem services valued at in 1997? and what was the global Gross National Product (GNP)

Answer 8

Ecosystem services US$33 trillion

Global GNP US$18 trillion

Question 9

What are the 2 most unsustainable areas that need attention in the ways of provision services?

Answer 9

Capture fisheries (overfishing)
Fresh water

Question 10

Why is bicatch is a major issue?

Answer 10

Because fish are killed for no point disrupting ecosystems needlessly

Question 11

What are the 5 trophic levels?

Answer 11

1 - Top predators
2 - Carnivore eating carnivores 
3 - Herbavore eating carnivores
4 - Producer eating herbavores
5 - Producers

Question 12

How are ecosystem services valued?

Answer 12

Usually by replacement cost. How much it would cost humans to take the place of what nature does

Question 13

How can decline in ecosystem services be managed in agriculture? (3)

Answer 13

Remove subsidies that promote damage
Invest research in sustainable farming
Implument subsidies promoting sustainability

Question 14

How can decline in ecosystem services be managed in fisheries and aquaculture? (4)

Answer 14

Reduce marine fishing capacity
Address illegal harvesting
Establish fishing quotas (commercial)
Have protected areas (Zoning)

Question 15

How can decline in ecosystem services be managed in water use?

Answer 15

I HAVE NO IDEA!!!! D: and..
More use of natural environment as opposed to dams and leveys in flood control
Develop efficiency in water use in agriculture

Question 16

How can decline in ecosystem services be managed in forestry? (4)

Answer 16

Having sustainable managemetn practices
Getting community support behind sustainable use of forest products
Improve forest governance
Develop country-led national forsest programs in negotiation with stakeholders