Euthanasia

Question 1

what is euthanasia?

Answer 1

killing someone or allowing them to die when they are already going to die

Question 2

what is voluntary euthanasia?

Answer 2

when a persons life is ended at their request or consent.

Question 3

when is voluntary E most common?

Answer 3

terminal illness

Question 4

what is non-voluntary E?

Answer 4

when a persons life is ended without their consent but with the consent of someone representing their interests

Question 5

when is Non-vol E most common?

Answer 5

persistent vegetative state

Question 6

what is active euthanasia?

Answer 6

• when someone does something to actually kill the person

Question 7

what is passive euthanasia?

Answer 7

when you allow someone to die by taking away something that is keeping them alive

Question 8

what is the issue between active and passive E ?

Answer 8

is it the same to kill someone as it is to let them die?

Question 9

give an example of when passive euthanasia has been legalised?

Answer 9

Tony Bland- injured in the Hillsborough 1989, in PVS as no hope of recovery, the court gave permission to turn of life support machine

Question 10

give an example of when voluntary euthanasia is not permitted?

Answer 10

not permitted in Britain, Diane Pretty,

Question 11

When was euthanasia legalised in the Netherlands?

Answer 11

1.1.2002

Question 12

what is Sanctity of life?

Answer 12

that human life is made in the image of god and is therefore sacred in value

Question 13

what does S.O.L say about euthanasia?

Answer 13

its always wrong (absolutist).

Question 14

what would SOL suggest instead of euthanasia?

Answer 14

palliative care, hospice care

Question 15

give two reasons why people think we should not kill (euthanasia)?

Answer 15

• human life is a basic good (good in itself opposed to a means to an end)
• human life is sacred as it was a gift from god only god can take it away

Question 16

give three quotes used in the bible against euthanasia

Answer 16

• “in the image of god”
• “the LORD gave and the lord has taken away”
• “do not kill” (exodus)

Question 17

give one bible quote to support euthanasia

Answer 17

“love your neighbour as you love yourself”

Question 18

give 3 problems with using the sanctity of life approach when dealing with the issue of euthanasia ?

Answer 18

• absolutist and inflexible does not take situation into account.
• ignores QOL argument
• closely linked to religious beliefs.

Question 19

what is Quality of life?

Answer 19

human life has to posses certain attributes in order to have value

Question 20

what type of approach is euthanasia and what does it say?

Answer 20

relativist, considers the quality of persons life.

Question 21

what does peter singer argue for ?

Answer 21

replacing SOL ethics with 5 quality of life commandments

Question 22

Name 3 QOL commandments?

Answer 22

• recognize worth of human life varies
• respects a persons desire to live/die
• only bring children into the world if they are wanted

Question 23

what does QOL argument suggest about dignity?

Answer 23

live with dignity and people to die with dignity

Question 24

what is personhood?

Answer 24

refers to the things that make us truly human

Question 25

name two main concepts that makes us human?

Answer 25

- self awareness | - will and ability to act

Question 26

what happens when we loose our 'personhood'?

Answer 26

some may argue that we are no longer a 'person'= justify euthanasia

Question 27

what stance are peter singers views based of?

Answer 27

QOL

Question 28

basic summary of what peter singer argued?

Answer 28

not all humans are "persons", for someone to be considered a "person" they must be self aware. NO new borns are "persons". people with life long cognitive disabilities never become "persons". therefore killing a "non-person" doesn't hold the same amount of weight as person

Question 29

according to singer when isn't it ok to euthanise a "non-person"?

Answer 29

when the benefit to the people who love these "non-persons" outweighs the emotional and financial burden to individuals and society of keeping them alive

Question 30

what is autonomy?

Answer 30

being free to make our own decisions about our own future

Question 31

what did John S Mill say about autonomy?

Answer 31

in matters that do not concern others, individuals should have full autonomy: “Over himself, over his body and mind, the individual is sovereign.”

Question 32

what would singer say on autonomy?

Answer 32

humans should be free to pursue their own decisions about our death

Question 33

what type of euthanasia accepts autonomy?

Answer 33

voluntary

Question 34

who was Dianne pretty?

Answer 34

suffered from motor neuron disease. she wanted her husband to help her KHS, took to court, she lost her case died in a hospice. went against her will

Question 35

who was tony bland?

Answer 35

Hillsborough victim, left in a PVS believed that their son would not want to be kept alive in that state. went to court to sanction the withdrawal of hydration and artificial nutrition which it did.

Question 36

who was Tony Nickinson?

Answer 36

paralysed after a stroke in 2005 and developed a locked-in syndrome. legal battle for the right to die but was turned down. stopped eating died in 2012

Question 37

NATURAL LAW AND EUTHANASIA

Answer 37

`

Question 38

key ideas of natural law ? `

Answer 38

- synderesis rule -primary precepts -doctrine of double effects explain each and what each would say

Question 39

summary of what NL would say on euthanasia as a whole?

Answer 39

-supports sanctity life, we should allow nature to take its course

Question 40

what are some problems with using natural law with euthanasia?

Answer 40

- absolutist approach, does not take situations into account - does not allow emotions to come into decision making

Question 41

key ideas of situation ethics?

Answer 41

- relative (This means that in any situation, act out of love) - 4 working principles - agape (Personalism) - teleological (looks at the consequences not the act itself )

Question 42

what are some problems with using situation ethics and euthanasia?

Answer 42

- does not protect life - slippery slope, people can take advantage - Non-Voluntary Euthanasia- if you end a life when they didn't ask- not necessarily the most loving