Europeans Establish Colonies (1492-1752) Chapter 2

Question 1

Missionary

Answer 1

People who worked to convert others to their religion by going to foreign countries. Missionaries consisted of the Spanish-Catholic friars. They ordered Indians to build new churches and adopt the rituals of the Catholic faith

Question 2

Presidio

Answer 2

Forts built by the Spanish soldiers in colonial America in the Southwest and California part of the U.S. today

Question 3

Mestizo

Answer 3

People in Spanish America who were of European and Native American descent.

Question 4

Pope’s Rebellion

Answer 4

A shaman named Popé led the rebellion. The Pueblo Indians were fed up after disease, famine, and violence which made it difficult for the Pueblos to pay tribute in labor and crops to the missionaries. Popé encouraged resistance to Spanish ways and urged the return of traditional Pueblo culture and religion. The Pueblos were supported by the Apaches. The Natives destroyed missions, farms, and ranches. The rebellion was the greatest setback Indians had on colonial expansion

Question 5

Frontiers of Inclusion

Answer 5

Racial intermixing between the French and Native American. The French would work with Native Americans to get what they needed they were also helping the Native Americans get what they needed. The French saw Native Americans as partners and formed alliances

Question 6

Frontiers of Exclusion

Answer 6

The Spanish enslaved Indians and did not try to work together. They took Native lands.

Question 7

Samuel de Champlain

Answer 7

Quebec’s founder who traded with the Montagnais, Algonquin, and Huron Indians in return he protected them from their enemies, the Iroquois. Champlain and nine of his soldiers helped the Indians attack the Iroquois beside a lake which is later named Champlain.

Question 8

Coureurs de bois

Answer 8

“Runner of the woods” French colonist who lived in the woods as fur traders.

Question 9

Metis

Answer 9

Many fur traders married Indians the children were called metis

Question 10

Joint Stock Companies

Answer 10

A company run by a group of investors who share the company’s profits and losses.

Question 11

Royal Colony

Answer 11

English colony that was under direct control of the crown

Question 12

Proprietary Colony

Answer 12

English colony granted by the king to an individual or group

Question 13

Virginia Company

Answer 13

A corporation of great merchants based in London. Transported 10,000 people to the colony, 20% made it alive. The company offered free land to Immigrants who came to Virginia

Question 14

Jamestown (Southern colony)

Answer 14

The first are successfully founded by the English, became part of the colony of Virginia.

Question 15

Pocahontas

Answer 15

Powhatan’s favorite daughter who was captured by the English in 1613. She converted to Christianity and married a colonist named John Rolfe.

Question 16

House of Burgesses

Answer 16

Representative assembly of colonial Virginia formed in 1619. Male landowners could elect two leaders to represent their settlement in colonial government.

Question 17

Maryland (southern colony)

Answer 17

Second southern colony. Honored the queen of the monarch. Lord Baltimore receives Maryland from Charles I. Governed as a priority colony. Created a colonial refuge for catholics. More Protestants immigrated to Maryland than Catholics.

Question 18

Indentured Servants

Answer 18

A person who signs and is bound by indentures to work for another for a specified time especially in return for payment of travel expenses and maintenance.

Question 19

Chesapeake Colonies

Answer 19

North of Roanoke. Offered good harbors and navigable rivers and fertile land. Chesapeake region became a large supplier of tobacco to Europe

Question 20

Pilgrims

Answer 20

English puritans who sought religious religious freedom and founded the Plymouth colony in 1620.

Question 21

Plymouth Colony (1620)

Answer 21

Puritans established Plymouth colony in 1620 they built English-style houses and survived due to help from the native Americans

Question 22

Mayflower Compact

Answer 22

Framework for self-government of the Plymouth Colony signed on the hip the Mayflower in 1620

Question 23

Great Migration

Answer 23

The migration of English settlers, primarily the puritans to Massachusetts and the West Indies.

Question 24

Puritans

Answer 24

English protestants who believed in STRICT religious discipline and the simplification of worship. Wanted to purify the Church of England.

Question 25

Separatists

Answer 25

Groups who wished to separate from the Anglican church to begin their own churches.

Question 26

Massachusetts Bay Colony

Answer 26

Established on the north shore of the bay. Puritans established a republic. The only colony that elected a governor

Question 27

John Winthrop

Answer 27

Led large group of Puritans to America. Exhorted the Puritans to make their new colony “A city upon a Hill”

Question 28

Roger Williams

Answer 28

Argued that Massachusetts had not done enough to break with Anglican ways, angered the authorities. Settlers had no right to take land from the Indians, they needed to buy the land from the Indians. Fled to Rhode Island and founded providence. Established religious freedom and separation of church and state.

Question 29

Ann Hutchinson

Answer 29

Held meeting in her home to boldly promote her idea that God’s grace promote her idea that God’s grace alone was the key to salvation. She was banished from Massachusetts and first moved to Rhode Island she later moved to New Netherland where she was killed by an Indian attack.

Question 30

Salem Witch Trials

Answer 30

If animals or people got sick and died the New Englanders suspected evil magic and prosecuted suspected witches. The victim would blame neighbors who seemed to dislike them. In 1692 authorities tried, convicted, and executed 19 suspected witches. When accusations were made of prominent families the judge dropped further charges.

Question 31

Pennsylvania

Answer 31

To the west of New Jersey. A debt to William Penn by King Charles II. The name means Penn’s woods. The colonists prospered and multiplied due to a temperate climate, fertile soil, and navigable rivers.

Question 32

New York

Answer 32

Governor Stuyvesant was forced to surrender his colony to the English which they renamed New York, named after the Duke of York.

Question 33

Bacon’s Rebellion

Answer 33

The settlers wanted to kick out all the Indians in the colony. Bacon’s men slaughtered the Indians. Berkley protested and Bacon marched his followers to Jamestown. They drove the governor out and burned the town. Poor farmers will not tolerate a government that caters only to wealthy colonists. Taxes raised and refused to exterminate the Indians

Question 34

Glorious Rebellion

Answer 34

The overthrow of king James II by a union of English parliament.

Question 35

Push Factors/ Pull Factors

Answer 35

Push Factors are factors that motivate people to leave their home countries.
Pull factors are factors that attract people to a new location

Question 36

Quakers

Answer 36

Settled in the western half of New Jersey. Most were tradespeople, shopkeepers, and small farmers who distrusted rich and powerful men. Sought an inner light to understand the bible, considered women spiritually equal to men. Tolerated other faiths.

Question 37

William Penn

Answer 37

Embraced the Quaker faith and radical form of Protestantism. Wealthy gentleman. Treated Native Americans with respect and paid for their land. Pennsylvania was a debt paid to William Penn.

Question 38

Middle Colonies

Answer 38

Along the mid-Atlantic coast the Dutch and Swedes established their own small colonies. New Netherland established by the Dutch. Victory secured the mid-atlantic coast for English, closing the gap between Chesapeake Colonies to the north.

Question 39

Northwest Passage

Answer 39

A water route to Asia through the cold waters of present day Canada.

Question 40

New England Colonies

Answer 40

Founded in the 1600s. Dense rolling hills, and a short growing season. Demanded hard labor to farm, little prospect in getting rich. Trade and commerce would bring prosperity.

Question 41

King Philip’s War (King Philip/Metacom)

Answer 41

Conflict between English colonist and Native Americans in the New England. The Indians were defeated