European Union 1 Flashcards
origins (7)
- recovery from ww2
- want of lasting peace
- new way of dealing with germany, difference with ww1
- prevention of extreme nationalism raise
- sense of defeat –> illusion of forward march to progress destroyed
- fight against communism
• USSR and Central Europe strong communism threat
• Communist parties strong in West
• Churchill Iron Curtain Speech 1946
• Kennan telegram 1946 Soviet ill-intent
• Communist action in Greece and Turkey (establishment of ICBMs) - centre of civilised world reduced to wast
neofunctionalism names
haas
neofunctionalism argument (2)
- spill over - integration is like a domino of areas and of actors
- integrations tarted through self-interest –> spill over –> state less control now
- transnationalism
- non-state actors
- diversity
types of spill over
- functional spill (lindberg) over
= inability to isolate one sector from another due to supplementary and exogenous considerations
economic sector functional spill over + authority spill over –> supranational
- cultivated spill over (mikkelsen)
= a. supranational institution force integration top-down
-follow own agenda
-domestic governments are eyewitnesses
b. pressure from interest group (benefit from integration as less tariff and general liberalisation of trade)
-commission brings all the lobbying together and set direction of union
examples of functional spillover
european coal and steel community 1952 –> european economic community 1957 (treaty of rome) –> european union 1992 (treaty of maastricht) = four freedoms: goods, services, people and capital
examples of cultivated spillover
eurozone + common currency 1993 - treaty of maastricht and 2009 lisbon treaty
b. european commission: Bache: capability to manipulare pressures on government for further integration
c. european parliament: propose treaties that are more and more binding e..g Maastricht treaty = co-decision + subsidiary principle
limitations of neofunctionalism (2)
- underestimate state power –> state final say in council of ministers + brexit
- Tranholm-Mikkesen: lack of spillover not explained e.g. defence and foreign policy
classical intergovernmentalism names
Hoffman
classical intergovernmentalism argument (7)
o Realist conceptions o Preservation of sovereignty o High politics ♣ Divergences logic of diversity o Cooperation if in interest o Final say on extent of integration o Not overwhelmed by external pressures
classical intergovernmentalism example
o Ex: empty chair crisis 1965 – Charles de Gaulle doesn’t present himself at the council of ministers meeting as he opposes further integration and enlargement to the UK
o Commission backed down on proposals when France came back
♣ Power in the hands of states
liberal intergovernmentalism names
Moravicks
liberal intergovernmentalism argument 3
o Three pillars
- Rationality of state behaviour
- National preference over supranational
- Inter-state relations determined by negotiation and bargaining
liberal intergovenrmentalism example
france took the veto against uk membership just when they and concessions over the common agricultural policy
limitations of
intergovernmetnalism 5
o Not enough empirical data
o Froster: states not rational – symbolism, ideology and belief influence governments relations
o Underestimation of role of the supranational institutions
o European court of justice
o Commission
o Fails in contemporary context
o Underestimate external influence
new insitutionalism names
Meyer, DiMaggio, Powell
new instiutionalism argument
o rational choice
♣ preference pursued under institution ruled
♣ change in rules = change in preference
o sociological choice
♣ rules of institution shape identity of actors
• Europe economic and political liberalism shape how the countries are
o Dealing with issues such as the refugee crisis started in 2015
♣ Italy in 2015 more than 1M people escaping from Libya and Syria
♣ actors socialise within institutions
new insitutionalism examples
rational chocie: example: under the European council where member states actually debate between each other and negotiate but they have to do it under the rules of the different treaties such as the Lisbon Treaty 2009 which sets specific European rules
• qualified majority voting
• charter of fundamental rights
sociological choice: Dealing with issues such as the refugee crisis started in 2015
♣ Italy in 2015 more than 1M people escaping from Libya and Syria
♣ actors socialise within institutions
new insitutionalism limitations
♣ misjudge the realist interest of states
♣ institution rules are made by the states themselves
