European Exploration/Global Interactions Flashcards
New Maritime Tech, and Wind Wheels
Astrolabe, Caravel ships (three sailed ships developed from the Portuguese), stern rudder that eased steering the ship without rowers, and astrological Charts. Wind wheels were notes on the currents of the atlantic ocean based on seasons. It was regular and reliable
Portuguese In Africa
Ports
Established sugar plantations in Cape Verde, Azores, and madeira Islands. Also established trading posts in Ghana under Prince Henry the Navigator (1394-1460). As muslim empires lose trading in norther african territories, their power decreases.
Portuguese in africa
Trade
Established trading posts in Ghana. Exchanged Euro. horses, leather, textiles, metal wares for gold and slaves. The Portuguese traveled right to the source to get rid of the middle men. Gold, Ivory, and slaves were umong popular trading items. Sugar was also incredibly important.
Portuguese in Africa
Impact on Swahilli
The Portuguese attempted to take over the Swahili City States, and couldn’t have done it without sugar plantations and Prince Henry. He paid for voyages down the African coast. Because it was difficult to be diplomatic, they started to blow up places in the Swahili City-states, causing a decrease in trade.
Portuguese in South Asia
Ports
Set up trading posts in Africa and india. Pepper and cinnamon were profitable.
Portuguese in South Asia
Why did they only control ports and not land?
Were port empires. They have guns and other artillery, but not enough Portuguese people to take over the land. They were a small and new country like the Dutch
Portuguese in South Asia
Trade
Cultural differences made it difficult to trade and be diplomatic. Makes changes in India as it becomes the dominant feature of being the middleman. Set up port empires for purpose of making money off of the trade that is happening in these places.
Spanish Atlantic Trade
Spanish motives for eploration
Gold, Glory, and God. They needed power over trade. Mercantilism was the idea that the more wealth you have, the more power you have, so they were incredibly focused on creating wealth. They did not want to be one upped by the Portuguese.
Spanish Atlantic Trade
Area “discovered” by columbus
Reached he West indies, such as the Bahamas. They gained very little gold, however, the idea of economic wealth inspired exploration.
Spanish Atlantic Trade
Spanish wealth
Controlled Indonesia and take over from the Portuguese. Set up trading routes on the Eastern Coast of India.
Took after the portuguese who went to Africa for gold in the 1470’s. They went to the West Coast, however, was thwarted and robbed of their gold. Were obsessed with the idea of wealth and gold, however, their expeditions only made their wealth dwindle more.
Spanish Pacific Trade
Route discovered by magellan
Started in spain and went downwards over the coast of South Africa. Traveled through the pacific ocean through the Philippines, then traveled back through the Indian Ocean and underneath Africa before reaching Spain.
Spanish Pacific Trade
Manila Galleons
Spanish trading ships with square sails, treasure ships that transported luxury items.
Spanich Pacific Trade
Spanish control of Indonesia and India
Conquered Indonesian islands and set up trading routes on the Easter Coast of India during the early 1500’s. Had control for three hundred years and were their main outsource for asian goods.
Spanish Pacific Trade
Trade goods in Indonesia (east indies)
Porcelain, silk, ivory, spices, ect, to Spain.
English in the North Atlantic
Motives for exploration
Everyone was doing it. Compete or die. In Spain’s shadow and needed money to surviving. They had a population growth, and was running out of land and money. However, they had advanced nautical tech, powerful military arsenal, efficient organization, and privateer sponsorships. JSC, like English East India Company, led to financial success.
English in the north atlantic
Area settled
Since Spain went the southern route in America, and the portuguese conquered brazil, they thought of going north to Asia. However, couldn’t find a way to Asia so they settled in the thirteen colonies where they had Naval stores for resources.
English in the north atlantic
Trade goods
Tobacco from the Americas. From indian ports, they gained tea, cotton, gems, and tea became a staple in british culture. Furs became very important as it gained a lot of trade from the Native Americans and for warmth in the colder weather.
Dutch in north atlantic
motives for exploration
Hate the Spanish, and want independence from Catholic Spain. Had religious uprisings, tired of farming for the spanish. Needed to establish wealth, and power in Europe so they can challenge Portugues power. Joint Stock companies limited investor risks. VOC contributed to global trade, so even people who weren’t dutch can invest in exploration and make money. Did not seek to convert to Christianity and focused on Trade ports.
Dutch in the north atlantic
Area settled
Conquered Malacca in 1641 and opened more broadly from Cape Town (southern Africa), Colombo, and Batavia. Small country like Portugues, so didn’t have manpower to control huge countries so they set up a port empire. Did not seek to convert to Christianity, so they established trade in indonesia. Did not like the philippines
Dutch in the north atlantic
Trade goods
Spices from Batavia include pepper,nutmeg, mace, while bringing them cloth, silver, and ivory. Were the only people allowed to trade with Japan, so they brought them precious metals, lacquer ware, and gave them silver, spices, and luxury goods. In arabia, coffee and silk were traded, and they brought spices. Cloves.
