European Domination: Colonization & Imperialism Flashcards
Who had colonies in North America?
France, England, and Spain all had colonies in North America.
Spain was the first to colonize North America, and they conquered the Aztecs and Incas quickly.
After conquering them, they stole all of the Aztecs and Incas silver and gold.
The surviving Aztecs and Incas were forced to work as slaves in mines where they would look for more gold and silver
Which European country was the most powerful, heading into the 1600s?
Spain.
This was because they had lots of lands they controlled in North and South America. In addition to the land, they had tons of silver and gold stolen from the Aztecs and Incas.
What type of Government did Spain have?
Absolute Monarchy AND a Theocracy
What type of Government did France have?
Absolute Monarchy
The power of the King is ABSOLUTE in an Absolute Monarchy.
If you have ABSOLUTE power, that means that whatever you say, goes.
King Louis XIV, who was an absolute monarch, was quoted as saying, “I am the state”. Meaning, he is the government.
What type of Government did England have?
Constitutional Monarchy
A constitutional monarchy is a government where you have a King, but he is limited by laws found in a constitution. Which is why it is called a Constitutional Monarchy.
Who were “Los Reyes Catholicos”?
King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella
What is “La Reconquista”?
It is when King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella kicked out all of the Muslims, Jews, and Protestants.
They did this to “purify” the country.
How did Spain re-discover North America?
King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella paid Christopher Columbus to find a new trade route to Asia.
This is because the old trade routes went through Muslim lands, and when non-Muslims entered Muslim lands, they had to pay the Jizya, which, King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella refused to do.
What did Spain do with all the riches (gold and silver) they stole from the Aztec and Inca?
They purchased the Spanish Armada (among other things).
Who did the Spanish first attack with their Armada?
They attacked England, which was a Protestant country.
They also attacked England because England would send Seadogs to attack Spanish ships.
What is a Protestant?
A protestant is someone who is Christian, but not a Catholic.
Once upon a time, most Christians were Catholics. But, when Martin Luther started the Protestant Reformation, he got lots of Christians to reject the authority of the Catholic Church and start a different type of Christianity.
ALL Protestants are Christians
ALL Catholics are Christians
What is the Anglican Church or Church of England?
Anglican Church is a type of Protestant Christianity.
It was started by King Henry of England who wanted to get a divorce, but the leader of the Catholic Church(Pope) refused to give him the divorce.
King Henry wanted the divorce because his wife (the Princess of Spain) was only having female babies.
So King Henry started his own religion, the Anglican Church. Which is still a Christian Church today!
What did Spain do with the surviving Aztecs and Incas who were not killed in the conquest?
They enslaved them. They forced them to work in the mines as slaves. Men and Women were forced to work in the mines.
In addition to working in the mines, Aztec and Inca women were often raped by the Spanish conquistadors.
What happens to the Aztec/Inca workers in the mines over time?
Some of them die due to starvation.
Eventually they run out of gold and silver to mine, and so the Spanish force the survivors and the survivor’s children to work on Encomiendas.
What are encomiendas?
Encomiendas are where the Spanish would force Native Americans (Aztec and Inca) to work for 14-16 hours per day, 7 days a week, and also teach them about Catholicism. The Spanish did this to “save them from burning in hell”.
What happened to people who were unsure about the French Revolution or opposed the Revolution?
They would chop their heads off, killing them
They also attacked the rich people.
