European Colonialism Part I Flashcards
It is the process of nations, commonly those who have great power, to establish control over a foreign area or group of people.
COLONIALISM
In around the 17th century, the term ‘colony’ was
commonly pertain to settlers and European emigrants.
plantations
Who said this quotation?
“rule over peoples of different races inhabiting lands separated by salt water from the imperial center”
Emerson, 1968
Who said this quotation?
“the direct organization of formal political-military control over peripheral areas by core states”
Chase-Dunn, 1986
Who said this quotation?
“a relationship of domination between an indigenous (or forcibly imported) majority and a a minority of foreign invaders.”
Osterhammel 1997
What do you call is in the very form, the structure of international law itself, predicated on global trade between inherently unequal polities, with unequal coercive violence implied in the very commodity form.”
Who said this definition?
COLONIALISM ; China Mieville
Colonizers appoint an official or establish a system that will govern the colony
DIRECT RULE
colonizers give opportunities for the local to have autonomy
INDIRECT RULE
conquered, explored, settled, and exploited large areas of the world.
WESTERN COLONIALISM
It only began during the late 15th and 16th
century when Europeans started the
“Age of Discovery”
WHY EUROPEANS COLONIZE?
- economic exploitation of the colony’s natural
resources - creation of new markets for the colonizer
- extension of the colonizer’s way of life beyond its
national borders
public decree to divide unknown lands in west between Castille and Portugal.
Inter caetera divinae (1493)
diving the world again along the same lines, but a little further to the West.
Treaty of Tordesillas (1494)
A further treaty to identify the respective line in the Pacific
Treaty of Saragossa (1529)
Decline of Feudalism in
15th century.
Countries dive into a new system which ___ of the economy for the purpose of gaining power.
promotes governmental regulation
trade balances must be favorable with priorities on exports over imports.
Mercantilism
A period where Europeans are required to find
new routes due to a combination of circumstances
A) the vast empire of the Mongols is falling
B) the Ottoman Turks and the Venetians controlled commercial access
C) nations were now ready to seek overseas trade and adventure
SPAIN AND PORTUGAL DOMINATION
- Race for spices during the early 16th century by finding different routes to Asia
- Competed to become the world’s most dominant empire.
- Goal to spread Christianity around the world
Long before Spaniards, about half a millennium ago, the ___ set foot in Americas – particularly in Canada and Greenland.
Norse Vikings
a Genoan living in Portugal, theorizes that he can reach Cathay and Cipango through the direction of the West.
Christopher Columbus
Through a Spanish-sponsored expedition, he
accidentally reached a new continent.
Christopher Columbus
Columbus contacted natives from islands of
Bahamas, Hispaniola, and Cuba.
pioneer of courage and skill in Navigation even in reality, he did not reach his goal.
Christopher Columbus
explained in Europe that the new discovered land is not Asia.
Amerigo Vespucci
He also visited the ____ and there determined that it is not Cathay, nor an island, but a new continent.
“New World”
The success of Columbus led Spain to continue ___ on the lands “discovered” by Columbus.
fund exploration
They eventually realized that there was something
beyond the new continental land – an ocean, first
sighted by
by Vasco Núñez de Balboa
conquistador of the Aztecs
Hernan Cortes
Arrived in the Aztec Empire in ___ and
eventually allied with the rebels to take over ____
1519 ; Tenochtitlan
Hernan Cortes became the first ___ the first major colony in the Western Hemisphere
Viceroy of New Spain
conquistador of the Incas
Francisco Pizzaro
As Francisco Pizzaro utilized the newly discovered sea, he reached the territory of the
Incas
Francisco Pizzaro along with his native allies, defeated _____ which led to the fall of the empire.
Sapa Inca Atahualpa I
They made the city of Cusco the capital of
Viceroyalty of Peru
People immigrate and permanently settle on a land already inhabited
SETTLER COLONIALISM
The primary goal is to conquer a foreign land and
capitalize on its resources
MERCANTILE COLONIALISM
a Spanish friar was one of the first to oppose the idea of colonization by the Spaniards and the Europeans to the “New World”
Francisco de Vitoria
