European Architecture Flashcards
Why was the S. Maria delle Carceri built?
A boy had a vision of the Virgin Mary
How are Classical elements of the S. Maria delle Carceri emphasised?
Use of dark strips of stone
Is there a purpose for the pediment over the door of the S. Maria delle Carceri?
No, it is purely ornamental
What function does the S. Maria delle Carceri have?
It is a pilgrimage church
What form does the S. Maria delle Carceri have?
Greek cross plan
What plan church began to b dedicated to the Virgin Mary?
Greek cross plan
What is an aedicule?
Two columns or pilasters and a pediment over an opening, door or a window (a representation, in minaiture, of a temple front)
How did Palladio view architecture?
A representational art
What did Palladio consider Classical ornament to be based on?
Wooden structural forms
Who designed the entrance for the Porta Pia?
Michelangelo
What could ‘Mannerist’ mean referring to the Porta Pia?
1) undermining of idea that the pilaster is holding form or 2) ornament which is just made up has no precedent at all
When was the Villa Rotunda built?
1565
How did Flötner depict ‘savage’ pre-historic men in his illustrations for Vitruvius’ ‘The origin of Dwellings’?
Classical figures
How did Goujon learn most of his knowledge of Classical architecture?
Reading, he had never been to Fome before any of his projects were completed
Who designed the Banqueting House?
Indigo Jones
Who designed the Church of the Visitation?
François Mansart
Who designed the allegorical statues for Newgate Prison and the shackled figure outside Bethlam Royal Hospital?
Fails Gabriel Cibber
Who designed Somerset House?
William Chambers
Who design Burlington House?
Lord Burlington
What is he term for a semi-circular window divided into three parts by two vertical lines?
Diocletian or thermal
What is the term for a three-part window with the middle part arched and wider than the others?
Serliana
Who designed the Villa Rotinda?
Palladio
What period of architecture does Neoclassicism refer to?
Later 18th century
How could you describe Neoclassicism?
It is a faithful and obvious adherence to ancient prototypes
What did Neoclassicism reject?
It rejects lavish dolays of classical ornament for the sake of an austere, volumetric simplicity
What was Laugier opposed to?
Unnecessary ornamentation
Who was Laugier influenced by?
John Soane
How did Laugier view pilasters?
‘Bizarre’
What surprising example of Antiquity did Nicholas Revett use in ‘The Antiquities of Athens’?
‘Tower of the Winds’
Who designed Strawberry Hill?
William Chambers
Who designed the Bank of England that was demolished in the 1920s?
John Soane
What are pendentives?
Triangular segments of a sphere that taper to points at the bottom and spread at the top to establish the continuous circular or elliptical base needed for the dome
What are pendentives for?
They act as a transition between a square space and a round dome
Who designed the Rotunda in the Bank of England, and when?
Robert Taylor, 1765
When was the S. Maria delle Carceri built?
1485
