Eukaryotic & Prokaryotic cell organelles Flashcards
What is the structure surrounding the nucleus called?
Envelope
The envelope is a double membrane containing pores for molecule transport.
What are the components found within the nucleus?
Chromatin and nucleolus
The nucleolus is the site of ribosome production.
What is the function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)?
Folds and processes proteins
The RER has ribosomes on its surface.
What does the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) produce?
Lipids
The SER is a system of membrane-bound sacs.
What is the primary function of the Golgi apparatus?
Processes and packages proteins and lipids
It also produces lysosomes.
What is the shape of mitochondria?
Usually oval-shaped
Mitochondria are bound by a double membrane.
What are the folded projections within the mitochondria called?
Cristae
The matrix contains enzymes needed for respiration.
What do lysosomes contain?
Digestive enzymes
Lysosomes are bound by a single membrane.
What is the main component of the bacterial cell wall?
Peptidoglycan
The cell wall provides rigidity.
What is the function of the capsule in prokaryotic cells?
Helps retain moisture and adhere to surfaces
The capsule is a protective slimy layer.
What is a plasmid?
Circular piece of extra DNA
Plasmids are found in prokaryotic cells.
What structure in bacteria moves the cell?
Flagellum
The flagellum is a tail-like structure that rotates.
What are pili?
Hair-like structures that attach to other bacterial cells
Pili are important for bacterial adhesion.
What are mesosomes?
Infoldings of the inner membrane containing enzymes for respiration
Mesosomes are found in prokaryotic cells.
What is the function of the nucleus?
Controls the cell’s activities by controlling the transcription of DNA.
The nucleus contains chromatin made from DNA and proteins, and it also houses the nucleolus, which makes ribosomes.
What structures are contained within the nucleus?
Chromatin and nucleolus.
Chromatin is composed of DNA and proteins.
What is the role of the nucleolus?
Makes ribosomes.
Ribosomes are essential for protein synthesis.
What is a lysosome?
A round organelle surrounded by a membrane that contains digestive enzymes.
Lysosomes digest invading cells and break down worn-out components of the cell.
What are the main components of a ribosome?
Proteins and RNA.
Ribosomes can float freely in the cytoplasm or be attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum.
What is the primary function of ribosomes?
Site where proteins are made.
They are crucial for the process of translation.
What distinguishes the smooth endoplasmic reticulum from the rough endoplasmic reticulum?
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum has no ribosomes.
SER synthesizes and processes lipids, while RER folds and processes proteins.
What is the function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?
Folds and processes proteins made at the ribosomes.
RER is covered with ribosomes, which are sites of protein synthesis.
What is the structure of mitochondria?
Oval-shaped with a double membrane; the inner membrane is folded to form cristae.
Mitochondria contain a matrix with enzymes involved in respiration.
What is the primary function of mitochondria?
Site of aerobic respiration where ATP is produced.
They are found in large numbers in cells that are very active and require a lot of energy.
