Cell Division(Cell Cycle)

Question 1

What is mitosis?

Answer 1

Mitosis is cell division that produces genetically identical cells.

Question 2

What are the two types of cell division in eukaryotes?

Answer 2

mitosis and meiosis

Question 3

Why is mitosis needed in multicellular organisms?

Answer 3

Mitosis is needed for growth, repairing damaged tissues, and asexual reproduction.

Question 4

What is the cell cycle?

Answer 4

The cell cycle consists of cell growth and DNA replication (interphase) followed by mitosis.

Question 5

What are the stages of interphase?

Answer 5

G1, S, and G2.

Question 6

What are the stages of mitosis?

Answer 6

The stages of mitosis are prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.

Question 7

What occurs during metaphase?

Answer 7

During metaphase, chromosomes line up along the middle of the cell and attach to the spindle.

Question 8

What happens during anaphase?

Answer 8

During anaphase, centromeres divide, and sister chromatids are pulled to opposite poles.

Question 9

What occurs during telophase?

Answer 9

During telophase, chromatids reach opposite poles, uncoil, and a nuclear envelope forms around each group.

Question 10

What happens to daughter cells after mitosis?

Answer 10

Daughter cells are genetically identical to the original cell and each other.

Question 11

What are the two types of cell division in eukaryotes?

Answer 11

• Mitosis
• Meiosis

Question 12

What does mitosis produce?

Answer 12

Two genetically identical daughter cells.

Question 13

What is the purpose of mitosis in multicellular organisms?

Answer 13

• Growth
• Repair of damaged tissues
• Asexual reproduction

Question 14

What is the cell cycle?

Answer 14

A period of cell growth and DNA replication followed by mitosis.

Question 15

What happens during prophase?

Answer 15

Chromosomes condense, centrioles move to opposite ends, and spindle fibers form.

Question 16

What is cytokinesis?

Answer 16

The division of the cytoplasm, resulting in two daughter cells.

Question 17

How do you calculate the mitotic index?

Answer 17

Mitotic index = number of cells with visible chromosomes / total number of cells observed.

Question 18

Fill in the blank: The separate strands of chromosomes are called _______.

Answer 18

chromatids

Question 19

What happens to chromatids after mitosis is complete?

Answer 19

They become one-strand chromosomes in the daughter cells.

Question 20

What prepares the cell for division during interphase?

Answer 20

DNA replication and organelle replication.

Question 21

True or False: Not all cells in multicellular organisms retain their ability to divide.

Answer 21

True

Question 22

What is meiosis?

Answer 22

A type of cell division that happens in the reproductive organs to produce gametes.

Question 23

How many chromosomes do cells that divide by meiosis start with?

Answer 23

The full number of chromosomes.

Question 24

What is the chromosome number in cells formed from meiosis?

Answer 24

Half the number of chromosomes.

Question 25

What would happen without meiosis during fertilization?

Answer 25

You’d get double the number of chromosomes.

Question 26

What are chromatids?

Answer 26

Two identical copies of each chromosome.

Question 27

What do double-armed chromosomes consist of?

Answer 27

Two sister chromatids.

Question 28

What are homologous pairs?

Answer 28

Pairs of matching chromosomes, one from each set of 23.

Question 29

What happens in the first division of meiosis?

Answer 29

The homologous pairs are separated, halving the chromosome number.

Question 30

What happens in the second division of meiosis?

Answer 30

The pairs of sister chromatids are separated.

Question 31

How many new daughter cells are produced by meiosis?

Answer 31

Four new daughter cells.

Question 32

Are the daughter cells produced by meiosis genetically identical?

Answer 32

No, they are genetically different from each other.

Question 33

What is genetic variation?

Answer 33

The differences that exist between individuals’ genetic material.

Question 34

Why is meiosis important?

Answer 34

It creates genetic variation by making gametes that are genetically different.

Question 35

What occurs before the first division of meiosis?

Answer 35

Homologous pairs of chromosomes come together and pair up.

Question 36

What happens to chromatids during meiosis?

Answer 36

Two of the chromatids in each homologous pair twist around each other.

Question 37

What is the outcome of the twisting of chromatids?

Answer 37

The twisted bits break off and recombine with the other chromatid.

Question 38

What increases genetic variation during meiosis?

Answer 38

Each cell has a different chromatid and therefore a different set of alleles.

Question 39

Fill in the blank: Meiosis produces _______ that are genetically different.

Answer 39

gametes

Question 40

True or False: All daughter cells produced by meiosis are genetically identical.

Answer 40

False