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Bio Unit 3 > Eukaryotic Gene Regulation > Flashcards

Eukaryotic Gene Regulation Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

chromatin remodeling

A

the process by which the structure of chromatin is hanged to allow or inhibit transcription.

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2
Q

RNA Processing

A

the changes that pre mRNA goes through to become mature mRNA.

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3
Q

DNA Methyltransferases

A

enzymes that add to methyl groups to cytosine residues in DNA by DNA methylation

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4
Q

most abundant dna proteins

A

histones

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5
Q

Why does DNA have a negative charge?

A

phosphate groups

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6
Q

Why do histones have a positive charge?

A

they contain many lysines and argenines

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7
Q

DNAse

A

enzymes that cut DNA, if it is decondensed

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8
Q

Methylated CpG sequences

A

recognized by proteins that trigger chromatin condensation.

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9
Q

histone acetyltransferases (HATS)

A

add acetyl groups to positively charged lysine residues in histones. Neutralizes the positive charge. Promotes decondensed chromatin, associated with active transcription.

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10
Q

histone deactylases (HDACs)

A

remove acetyl groups from lysine residues in histones. Associated with condensed state, no transcription.

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11
Q

chromatin remodeling complex

A

use ATP to reshape chromatin

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12
Q

epigenetic inheritance

A

any mechanism of inheritance that is due to something other than differences in DNA sequences

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13
Q

core promoter

A

the specific sequence where RNA Pol binds.

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14
Q

TATA Box

A

extensively studied core promoter sequence. Located around 30 base pairs upstream from transcription start.

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15
Q

TATA Binding protein

A

protein that binds to TATA box

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16
Q

regulatory sequences

A

allow binding of proteins that control the initiation transcription.

17
Q

promoter proximal elements

A

regulatory sequence close to the promoter that are associated with each gene.

18
Q

enhancer

A

regulatory sequence far from the promoter, activates transcription.

19
Q

transcriptional activators

A

binds to regulatory DNA sequence to begin transcription.

20
Q

silencer

A

DNA sequence that will stop transcription if a repressor is bound.

Bio Unit 3 (4 decks)

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