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A Level Biology Module 1 > Eukaryotic Cells (Basics) > Flashcards

Eukaryotic Cells (Basics) Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the two types of cells?

A
  1. Prokaryotic cells

2. Eukaryotic cells

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2
Q

What is the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

A

Prokaryotic cells are more simple, single celled, e.g. bacteria. Eukaryotic cells are multi-cellular, more complex and include animal cells, plant cells, fungal cells, and algael cells

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3
Q

What are organelles?

A

Tiny structures within cells which each have their own specific function

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4
Q

How many different components does an animal cell have?

A

11

  1. Plasma membrane
  2. Cytoplasm
  3. Nucleus
  4. Nucleolus
  5. Nuclear membrane
  6. Mitochondira
  7. Ribosomes
  8. Rough ER
  9. Smooth ER
  10. Golgi apparatus
  11. Lysosomes
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5
Q

How many different components does a plant call have?

A

13

  1. Plasma membrane
  2. Cytoplasm
  3. Nucleus
  4. Nucleolus
  5. Nuclear membrane
  6. Mitochondira
  7. Ribosomes
  8. Rough ER
  9. Smooth ER
  10. Golgi apparatus
  11. Chloroplasts
  12. Vacuole
  13. Cell wall
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6
Q

Difference between plant cell and animal cell

A

Plant cell has same organelles as animal cell and 3 exras including vacuole, cell wall, chloroplasts. Also, plant cells have starch grains, however this is not an organelle, plant cells store excess glucose as starch.

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7
Q

Algal Cells

A

Same organelles as plant cell. Carry out photosynthesis. Can be single celled or multi-cellular

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8
Q

Fungal cells

A

Same organelles as plant cell. No chloroplasts, do not photosynthesise. Also, cell wall made of chitin

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9
Q

Plasma Membrane (Cell-surface membrane)

A
  1. Made up of lipids + proteins
  2. Controls movement of substances in and out of cells
  3. Has receptor molecules on surface which respond to chemicals such as hormones
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10
Q

Nuclues

A
  1. Consists of nucleolus, nuclear envolope (double membrane which contains nuclear pores), chromatin, chromosomes made up of protein-bound linear DNA
  2. Controls the cells activity by controlling transcription of DNA
  3. Nucleolus produces ribosomes
  4. Nucluer pore allows substances such as RNA to move between nucleus + cytoplasm
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11
Q

Mitochondria

A
  1. Consists of a double membrane (inner membrane + outer membrane), christae, matrix
  2. Matrix contains enzymes used in respiration
  3. Main site of aerobic respitation which produces energy in form of ATP
  4. Cells which are metabolically active require lots of energy therefore, have lots of mitochondria
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12
Q

Chloroplasts

A
  1. Consists of double membrane (inner membrane + outer membrane), grana, lamella, stroma
  2. Grana - stacks of thylakoid membrane
  3. Lamella - link different grana together, made of thin + flat bits of thylakod membrane
  4. site of photosynthesis
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13
Q

Golgi Apparatus

A
  1. Produces golgi vesicles (e.g. lysosomes)

2. Processes + packages lipids + proteins

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14
Q

Golgi Vesicle

A
  1. Produced by golgi apparatus
  2. Surrounded by its own membrane
  3. Stores lipids + proteins produced by the golgi apparatus and then transports them out of the cell via plasma membrane
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15
Q

Lysosome

A
  1. Type of golgi vesicle. Produced by golgi apparatus
  2. Surrounded by its own membrane
  3. Contains enzymes known as lysozymes. Break down worn out components of the cell and digesting invading cells. Lysozymes kept seperate from cytoplasm via surrounding membrane
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16
Q

Ribosomes

A
  1. Do not have a surrounding membrane
  2. Site of protein synthesis
  3. Contains RNA and proteins
  4. Free floating in cytoplasm and can be attached to rough ER
17
Q

Rough ER

A
  1. Covered with ribosomes

2. Folds + processes proteins produced by ribosomes

18
Q

Smooth ER

A
  1. Not covered with proteins

2. Makes + processes lipids

19
Q

Cell wall

A
  1. Can be made of cellulose (plants + algal cells), chitin (fungal cells) + murein (bacteria cells)
  2. Supports + strengths the cell. Prevents the cell from, changing shape
  3. Plant cell walls made up of cellulose and contain plasmodesmata - channels for exchange between adjasent cells
20
Q

Vacuole

A
  1. Surrounded by its own membrane which is known as a tonoplast
  2. Contains cell sap - weak solution of sugars + salts
  3. Helps maintain pressure inside the cell. Keeps cell rigid, stops it from wilting
  4. Involved in isolation of unwanted chemicals in cell

A Level Biology Module 1 (22 decks)

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