Eukaryotic Cells

Question 1

What is the the function of DNA in the nucleus?3️⃣

Answer 1

• directs synthesis of all proteins required by cell which controls the metabolic activities of cell as many of proteins are enzymes for metabolism
• makes smaller RNA molecules for it to pass through the nuclear pores to the site of protein synthesis
• associates with histone to form chromatin which coils and condensed to form chromosomes

Question 2

What is the function of the nuclear pores?2️⃣

Answer 2

• protects cell DNA from damage

* has nuclear pores, allowing molecules to move in and out of nucleus

Question 3

What is the function of the nucleolus?1️⃣

Answer 3

• produces ribosomal RNA(mRNA) (from proteins) which is combined with proteins to form ribosomes necessary for protein synthesis

Question 4

What is the function of the vesicles( membranous sacs)?3️⃣

Answer 4

• have storage and transport roles
• consists of single membrane with fluid inside
• transport materials inside cells

Question 5

What is the function of the lysosome(specialised forms of vesicle)?3️⃣

Answer 5

• Break Down waste material
• cell death or apoptosis
• Break Down pathogens ingested by phagocytise cells

Question 6

What is the function of the cytoskeleton?4️⃣

Answer 6

• shape and stability
• hold organelles together
• Control cell movement
• movement inside cell

Question 7

What is the function of the microfilament? 1️⃣

Answer 7

• cell movement and cell contraction during cytokinesis

Question 8

What is the function of the microtubules?3️⃣

Answer 8

• determines the shape of the cell
• act as tracks for movement of organelles
• spindle fibres in physical segregation of chromosomes in cell division

Question 9

What is the function of the intermediate fibres?2️⃣

Answer 9

• give mechanical strength

* maintain integrity

Question 10

What is the function of the mitochondria?4️⃣

Answer 10

• site of final stages of cellular respiration where energy is stored in bonds of cop complex
• organic molecules are available for cell to use by production of molecule ATP
• Membrane in cristae contain enzymes for aerobic respiration
• produces own enzymes and reproduce themselves

Question 11

What is the function of centrioles?2️⃣

Answer 11

• 2 associated centrioles from centrosome involved in assembly and organisation of spindle fibres during cell division
• play role in positioning structure

Question 12

What is the function of the flagella?2️⃣

Answer 12

• enable cell motility

* used as a sensory organelle detecting chemical changes in cells environment

Question 13

What is the function of cilia?3️⃣

Answer 13

• stationary cilia have a important function in the sensory organs
• mobile cilia beat in rhythmic manner, creating a current
• mobile cilia cause fluids or objects adjacent to cell to move

Question 14

What is the function of the Golgi apparatus?3️⃣ 🅿️

Answer 14

• modify proteins and packaging them into vesicles
> secretory vesicles-if proteins are destined to leave cell
> lysosome which stay in cell

Question 15

What is the function of of the endoplasmic reticulum?2️⃣ 🅿️

Answer 15

• SER-lipid and carbohydrate synthesis and storage

* RER-transport of proteins and protein synthesis

Question 16

What is the function of ribosomes?1️⃣🅿️

Answer 16

• site of protein synthesis

Question 17

What is the function of protein synthesis?2️⃣🅿️

Answer 17

• internal use in cell

* secretion

Question 18

What are the stages of protein synthesis? Part 1 3️⃣🅿️

Answer 18

1. proteins are synthesised on ribosomes of RER
2. Pass into cisternae and are packaged into transport vesicles
3. Vesicle(containing newly synthesised proteins move 2 GA via transport function of cytoskeleton

Question 19

What are the stages of protein synthesis? Part 2 2️⃣ large

Answer 19

4. Vesicles fuse with cisface of GA and proteins enter, proteins are structurally modified before leaving GA in vesicles form it’s trans face
5. secretory vesicles carry proteins that are to be released from cell. Vesicles move towards and fuse with cell-surface membrane, releasing their contents by exocytosis. Some vesicles from lysosome which contain enzymes for use in cell