Eukaryotic cells

Question 1

What is a chloroplast?

Answer 1

An oval shape flattened organelle with a double membrane
Inside it has stacks of membrane called thylakoid membrane
This is where chlorophyl is found

Question 2

Function of chloroplast?

Answer 2

The site of photosynthesis

Chlorophyll absorbs light energy and uses this as energy to synthesise glucose

Question 3

What is a mitochondrion?

Answer 3

An oval shaped structure organelle with a double membrane
The inner membrane is folded to form structures cristae
The inner fluid compartment is called the matrix

Question 4

Function of Mitochondrion?

Answer 4

The site of aerobic respiration which produces ATP

The matrix contains the enzymes involved in respiration

Question 5

What is a golgi apparatus?

Answer 5

A stack of fluid filled membrane bound sacks

Vesicles are often seen at the edges of the sacs

Question 6

Function of golgi apparatus?

Answer 6

Processes and packages polypeptides (chains of amino acids) for exocytosis (movement of proteins and polysaccharides)
Also processes lipids and forms lysosomes
The vesicles transport the processes proteins and lipids to the cell surface membrane

Question 7

What is the vacuole?

Answer 7

A membrane bound organelle found in the cytoplasm

It contains cell sap (sugar and salt solution)

Question 8

Function of permanent vacuole?

Answer 8

Helps maintain pressure to keep the plant cell turgid
Contains a large volume within a plant cell and is flexible
The site of isolation of unwanted chemicals inside the cell

Question 9

Function of nucleolus?

Answer 9

The site of production of ribosomes

Looks like a nucleus within the nucleus

Question 10

What is a cell wall?

Answer 10

Surrounds cells in plants, algae and fungi
In plants and algae it is made from cellulose
In fungi it is made from chitin

Question 11

Function of the cell wall?

Answer 11

Supports the cells and prevents them from losing shape

Allows the cell to become turgid without bursting and withstand pressure

Question 12

Function of the nucleus?

Answer 12

Controls the cells activities by controlling the transcription of DNA to RNA

Question 13

What is a nucleus?

Answer 13

A large organelle surrounded by double membrane called the nuclear envelope, which contains many pores
It contains genetic material of the cell and one or more nucleoli

Question 14

What is a lysosome?

Answer 14

A type of golgi vesicle with a membrane made of phospholipids
Inside the vesicle there are enzymes

Question 15

Function of a lysosome?

Answer 15

Contains hydrolytic called lysozymes

They can be used to digest invading cells or worn out organelles

Question 16

What is a cell surface membrane?

Answer 16

A bilayer of lipids with proteins embedded in it

Some of these lipids and proteins have carbohydrates attached to them

Question 17

Function of cell membrane?

Answer 17

Regulates the movement of substances into and out of the cell
It has receptor molecules on the surface to allow it to respond to chemicals like hormones and cell recognition

Question 18

Function of cytoplasm?

Answer 18

Gel like fluid where cell organelles are found

Question 19

Function of nuclear pore?

Answer 19

Small gaps in the nuclear membrane that allow ribosomes, RNA and nucleotides to pass in and out of the nucleus

Question 20

Function of chromatin?

Answer 20

A complex of macromolecules found in the nucleus consisting of DNA, protein and RNA

Question 21

What is a ribosome?

Answer 21

They are very small organelles floating freely within the cytoplasm or attached to rough endoplasmic reticulum
They are made up of a small and larger subunit
Made up of proteins and RNA
They are not membrane bound

Question 22

Function of ribosomes?

Answer 22

Where amino acids are synthesised to form proteins

Question 23

What is the rough endoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 23

A system of membranes enclosing a fluid filled space creating passageways
The surface is covered in ribosomes

Question 24

Function of rough endoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 24

Provides a network of membranes for transport of polypeptides (long chain amino acids)
Main site of protein synthesis due to the presence of ribosomes

Question 25

What is the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 25

A system of membranes enclosing a fluid filled space

Question 26

Function of smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 26

It is the site of synthesis and processing lipids

Question 27

Function of centrioles?

Answer 27

Help in the formation of spindle fibres that separate the chromosomes during cell division-mitosis

Question 28

Function of nuclear membrane/envelope?

Answer 28

Encloses the nucleus encasing the genetic material

Made of lipids

Question 29

Function of vacuole membrane?

Answer 29

Encloses the vacuole
Can expand rapidly to allow the vacuole more volume to hold fluids and nutrients
The surrounding vacuole membrane is called tonoplast.

Question 30

Function of plasmodesmata?

Answer 30

A channel through the cell wall that allows molecules and substances to move back and fourth as needed
Allows tissues and organ cells to work together to achieve a common goal

Question 31

What is a cell?

Answer 31

The smallest structural functional unit of an organism

Question 32

What is a tissue?

Answer 32

A group/aggregation of similar cells, which carry out a particular function

Question 33

What is an organ?

Answer 33

An aggregation of different tissues/ cells; carrying out a specific physiological function

Question 34

What is an organ system?

Answer 34

An aggregation of organs carrying out a specific physiological function more efficiently

Question 35

What is an organism?

Answer 35

Made up of different organ systems working together

Question 36

What is a cell that contains a nucleus called?

Answer 36

Eukaryotic cell