Eukaryotic Cells

Question 1

plasma membrane (cell membrane) structure

Answer 1

phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins

Question 2

plasma membrane (cell membrane) function

Answer 2

Regulates movement of substances into and out of the cell

Question 3

Nucleus structure

Answer 3

bounded by a double membrane which contains many pores and contains DNA

Question 4

Nucleus function

Answer 4

The command center of the cell that contains the chromosomes or genetic material

Question 5

Mitochondrion structure

Answer 5

Smooth outer membrane and folded inner membrane (cristae)

Matrix: fluid around cristae which contains enzymes

Question 6

Mitochondrion function

Answer 6

is cellular respiration, facilitating the production of ATP

Question 7

Chloroplast structure

Answer 7

contains a plant cell’s thylakoids, stroma and grana, and chlorophyll

Question 8

Chloroplast function

Answer 8

Site of photosynthesis

Question 9

Golgi apparatus structure

Answer 9

a stack of flattened membrane bound fluid filled sacs and vesicles often seen at edges of the sacs

Question 10

Golgi vesicle structure

Answer 10

A small fluid-filled sac in the cytoplasm, surrounded by a membrane and produced by the golgi apparatus

Question 11

Golgi apparatus function

Answer 11

Processes and packages new lipids and proteins and also makes lysosomes

Question 12

Golgi vesicle function

Answer 12

Stores lipids and proteins made by the Golgi apparatus and transports them out of the cell.

Question 13

Lysosome structure

Answer 13

A round organelle surrounded by a membrane, with no clear internal structure

type of golgi vesicle

Question 14

Lysosome function

Answer 14

Contains digestive enzymes called lysozymes which can be used to digest invading cells or break down worn out cell components.

Question 15

Ribosome structure

Answer 15

Two subunits made of ribosomal RNA and proteins

Lies free in cytoplasm or attached to RER

Question 16

Ribosome function

Answer 16

site of protein synthesis

Question 17

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum structure

Answer 17

A system of membranes enclosing a fluid-filled space. The surface is covered with ribosomes.

Question 18

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum function

Answer 18

Folds and processes proteins that have been made at the ribosomes

Question 19

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum structure

Answer 19

Similar to RER but with no ribosomes

Question 20

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum function

Answer 20

Synthesises and processes lipids

Question 21

Cell wall structure

Answer 21

rigid structure that surrounds cells in plants, algae & fungi.

made of cellulose in plants and algae, and chitin in fungi

Question 22

Cell wall function

Answer 22

provides support and protection and prevents the cell changing shape

Question 23

Cell vacuole structure

Answer 23

a membrane-bound organelle found in the cytoplasm of plant cells.

contains cell sap - weak solution of sugars & salts.

the surrounding membrane is called the tonoplast

Question 24

Cell vacuole function

Answer 24

helps to maintain pressure inside the cell & keep the cell rigid.

this stops the plant wilting.

also involved in the isolation of unwanted chemicals inside the cell