Eukaryotic Cells 1.2

Question 1

Prokaryotic organisms are always

Answer 1

Single celled

Question 2

Eukaryotic organisms can be

Answer 2

Unicellular or multicellular

Question 3

Eukaryotic cells contain a

Answer 3

True nucleus enclosed in a membrane

Question 4

Prokaryotic cells

Answer 4

Do not contain a nucleus

Question 5

Each cell has a membrane enclosing a

Answer 5

Semifluid cytosol in which the organelles are suspended

Question 6

In eukaryotic cells, most organelles are

Answer 6

Membrane bound, allowing for compartmentalization of functions

Question 7

Membranes of eukaryotic cells consist of a

Answer 7

Phospholipid bilayer

Question 8

Membranes of eukaryotic cells are unique in that it surfaces are

Answer 8

Hydrophilic, electrostatically interacting with aqueous environment inside and outside of the cell, while its inner portion is hydrophobic, which helps to provide a highly selective barrier between the interior of the cell in the external environment

Question 9

The cytosol allows for the diffusion of

Answer 9

Molecules throughout the cell

Question 10

Within the nucleus, genetic material is encoded in

Answer 10

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), which is organized into chromosomes

Question 11

Eukaryotic cells reproduce by

Answer 11

Mitosis, allowing for the formation of two identical daughter cells

Question 12

The nucleus is the

Answer 12

Control center of the cell, it contains all of the genetic material necessary for replication of the cell

Question 13

The nucleus is surrounded by the

Answer 13

Nuclear membrane or envelope, a double membrane that maintains a nuclear environment separate and distinct from the cytoplasm

Question 14

Nuclear pores in the nuclear membrane allow

Answer 14

Selective two-way exchange of materials between the cytoplasm and the nucleus

Question 15

The genetic material DNA contains coding regions called

Answer 15

Genes

Question 16

Linear DNA is wound around organizing proteins known as

Answer 16

Histones, and is then further wound into linear strands called chromosomes

Question 17

The location of DNA in the nucleus permits the compartmentalization of

Answer 17

DNA transcription separate from RNA translation

Question 18

There is a subsection of the nucleus known as the

Answer 18

Nucleolus, where the ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is synthesized

Question 19

The nucleolus takes up approximately 25% of the volume of the entire nucleus and can often be identified as a

Answer 19

Darker spot in the nucleus

Question 20

Mitochondria are often called

Answer 20

The power plants of the cell in reference to their important metabolic functions

Question 21

The mitochondria contains two layers

Answer 21

The outer and inner membranes

Question 22

The outer membrane serves as a barrier between the

Answer 22

Cytosol and the inner environment of the mitochondrion

Question 23

The inner membrane, which is arranged into numerous infoldings called cristae

Answer 23

Contains the molecules in enzymes of the electron transport chain

Question 24

The cristaeAre highly convoluted structures that increase the

Answer 24

Surface area available for electron transport chain enzymes

Question 25

The space between the inner and outer membranes is called the

Answer 25

Inter-membrane space

Question 26

The space inside the inner membrane is called the

Answer 26

Mitochondrial matrix

Question 27

The pumping of protons from the mitochondrial matrix to the inner membrane space establishes the

Answer 27

Proton-motive force, ultimately, these protons flow through ATP synthase to generate ATP during oxidative phosphorylation

Question 28

Mitochondria are different from other parts of the cell in that they are

Answer 28

Semi-autonomous

Question 29

Mitochondria contain some of their own genes and replicate independently of the nucleus via

Answer 29

Binary fission

Question 30

Cytoplasmic or extranuclear inheritance

Answer 30

The transmission of genetic material independent of the nucleus