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biology > eukaryotic cells > Flashcards

eukaryotic cells Flashcards

1
Q

what do plant cells have that animal cells not have?

A
  • chloroplasts
  • vacuole
  • cellulose cell wall with plasmodesmata
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2
Q

cell surface membrane description

A

-found in animal cells, mainly made of lipids and proteins

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3
Q

cell surface membrane function

A
  • regulates the movement of substances into and out of the cell
  • contains receptor molecules, allowing it to respond to chemicals like hormones
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4
Q

nucleus description

A
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5
Q

nucleus function

A

-controls the cells’ activities by controlling the transcription of DNA

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6
Q

nuclear envelope description

A

-a double membrane containing many pores

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7
Q

nuclear envelope function

A

-pores of nuclear envelope allows substances such as RNA to move between the nucleus and the cytoplasm

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8
Q

nucleolus

A

makes ribosomes

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9
Q

chromosomes description

A

-made from protein bound linear DNA

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10
Q

mitochondrion description

A
  • oval shaped

- double membrane

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11
Q

mitochondrion function

A
  • the side of aerobic respiration where ATP is produced

- found in cells that are active and require a lot of energy

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12
Q

cristae description

A

-inner membrane folded to form structures

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13
Q

matrix description

A

inside the cristae, containing enzymes involved in respiration

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14
Q

chloroplast description

A
  • a small flattened structure found in plant and algal cells

- surrounded by a double membrane, with a membrane inside called thylakoid membranes

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15
Q

chloroplast function

A

the site where photosynthesis takes place, some parts of photosynthesis happen in the grana, and other parts happen in the stroma

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16
Q

grana

A
  • membranes stacked up in parts of chloroplast to form grana

- linked together by lamellae, thin, flat pieces of thylakoid membrane

17
Q

golgi apparatus description

A

-a group of fluid filled membrane bound flattened sacs

18
Q

golgi apparatus function

A

-processed and packages new lipids and proteins and makes lysozomes

19
Q

golgi vesicle description

A

-a small fluid filled sac in the cytoplasm, surrounded by a membrane and produced by the golgi apparatus

20
Q

golgi apparatus function

A

-store lipids and proteins made by the golgi apparatus and transports them out of the cell via the cell surface membrane

21
Q

lysosome description

A
  • type of golgi vesicle

- a round organelle surrounded by a membrane, with no internal structure

22
Q

lysosome function

A

-contains digestive enzymes called lysozomes

23
Q

lysozymes description

A

-kept separate from the cytoplasm by surrounding the cell memrane, can be sued to digest invading cells or to break down worn out components of the cell

24
Q

ribosome description

A
  • a very small organelle that either floats free in the cytoplasm or is attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum
  • made up of proteins and rna
  • not surrounded by a membrane
25
Q

ribosome function

A

-the site where proteins are made

26
Q

rough endoplasmic reticulum description

A
  • a system of membranes enclosing a fluid filled space

- surface is covered with ribosomes

27
Q

rough endoplasmic reticulum function

A

-folds and processed proteins that have been made at the ribosomes

28
Q

smooth endoplasmic reticulum description

A

-a system of membranes enclosing a fluid filled space

29
Q

smooth endoplasmic reticulum function

A

synthesises and processes lipids

30
Q

cell wall description

A
  • a rigid structure that surrounds cells in plants, algae and fungi
  • in plants and algae, it’s made mainly of cellulose
  • in fungi, it is made of chitin
31
Q

cell wall function

A

-supports cells and prevents them from changing shape

32
Q

cell vacuole description

A
  • a membrane bound organelle found in the cytoplasm of plant cells
  • contains cell sap, a weak solution of sugar and salts
  • surrounding membrane is called the tonoplast
33
Q

cell vacuole function

A
  • helps to maintain pressure inside the cell and keep the cell rigid
  • stops plant from wilting
  • involved in the isolation of unwanted chemicals inside the cell

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