eukaryotic cells

Question 1

what do plant cells have that animal cells not have?

Answer 1

• chloroplasts
• vacuole
• cellulose cell wall with plasmodesmata

Question 2

cell surface membrane description

Answer 2

-found in animal cells, mainly made of lipids and proteins

Question 3

cell surface membrane function

Answer 3

• regulates the movement of substances into and out of the cell
• contains receptor molecules, allowing it to respond to chemicals like hormones

Question 4

nucleus description

Question 5

nucleus function

Answer 5

-controls the cells’ activities by controlling the transcription of DNA

Question 6

nuclear envelope description

Answer 6

-a double membrane containing many pores

Question 7

nuclear envelope function

Answer 7

-pores of nuclear envelope allows substances such as RNA to move between the nucleus and the cytoplasm

Question 8

nucleolus

Answer 8

makes ribosomes

Question 9

chromosomes description

Answer 9

-made from protein bound linear DNA

Question 10

mitochondrion description

Answer 10

• oval shaped

- double membrane

Question 11

mitochondrion function

Answer 11

• the side of aerobic respiration where ATP is produced

- found in cells that are active and require a lot of energy

Question 12

cristae description

Answer 12

-inner membrane folded to form structures

Question 13

matrix description

Answer 13

inside the cristae, containing enzymes involved in respiration

Question 14

chloroplast description

Answer 14

• a small flattened structure found in plant and algal cells

- surrounded by a double membrane, with a membrane inside called thylakoid membranes

Question 15

chloroplast function

Answer 15

the site where photosynthesis takes place, some parts of photosynthesis happen in the grana, and other parts happen in the stroma

Question 16

grana

Answer 16

• membranes stacked up in parts of chloroplast to form grana

- linked together by lamellae, thin, flat pieces of thylakoid membrane

Question 17

golgi apparatus description

Answer 17

-a group of fluid filled membrane bound flattened sacs

Question 18

golgi apparatus function

Answer 18

-processed and packages new lipids and proteins and makes lysozomes

Question 19

golgi vesicle description

Answer 19

-a small fluid filled sac in the cytoplasm, surrounded by a membrane and produced by the golgi apparatus

Question 20

golgi apparatus function

Answer 20

-store lipids and proteins made by the golgi apparatus and transports them out of the cell via the cell surface membrane

Question 21

lysosome description

Answer 21

• type of golgi vesicle

- a round organelle surrounded by a membrane, with no internal structure

Question 22

lysosome function

Answer 22

-contains digestive enzymes called lysozomes

Question 23

lysozymes description

Answer 23

-kept separate from the cytoplasm by surrounding the cell memrane, can be sued to digest invading cells or to break down worn out components of the cell

Question 24

ribosome description

Answer 24

• a very small organelle that either floats free in the cytoplasm or is attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum
• made up of proteins and rna
• not surrounded by a membrane

Question 25

ribosome function

Answer 25

-the site where proteins are made

Question 26

rough endoplasmic reticulum description

Answer 26

- a system of membranes enclosing a fluid filled space | - surface is covered with ribosomes

Question 27

rough endoplasmic reticulum function

Answer 27

-folds and processed proteins that have been made at the ribosomes

Question 28

smooth endoplasmic reticulum description

Answer 28

-a system of membranes enclosing a fluid filled space

Question 29

smooth endoplasmic reticulum function

Answer 29

synthesises and processes lipids

Question 30

cell wall description

Answer 30

- a rigid structure that surrounds cells in plants, algae and fungi - in plants and algae, it's made mainly of cellulose - in fungi, it is made of chitin

Question 31

cell wall function

Answer 31

-supports cells and prevents them from changing shape

Question 32

cell vacuole description

Answer 32

- a membrane bound organelle found in the cytoplasm of plant cells - contains cell sap, a weak solution of sugar and salts - surrounding membrane is called the tonoplast

Question 33

cell vacuole function

Answer 33

- helps to maintain pressure inside the cell and keep the cell rigid - stops plant from wilting - involved in the isolation of unwanted chemicals inside the cell