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Basic Components of Living systems > Eukaryotic Cell Structure > Flashcards

Eukaryotic Cell Structure Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of the nucleus?

A

Contains genetic material (DNA )

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2
Q

What is the function of the nucleolus?

A

Synthesises ribosomes and RNA

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3
Q

What is the membrane around the nucleus called?

A

The nuclear membrane

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4
Q

What can be found in the nuclear membrane?

A

The nuclear pores

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5
Q

What is the function of the mitochondria?

A

The site of aerobic respiration and sythesises ATP

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6
Q

Give a reason why a cell may have a large number of mitochondria

A

To provide a lot of energy for function

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7
Q

There are two parts to the membrane of the mitochondria

TRUE or FALSE

A

True

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8
Q

What are the names of the two membranes of the mitochondria?

A
  1. Outer membrane
  2. Inner membrane
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9
Q

What is the cytoplasm of the mitochondria called?

A

The matrix

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10
Q

Mitochondria have ribosomes

TRUE or FALSE

A

TRUE

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11
Q

Give two pieces of evidence that the mitochondria may have been a bacterial cell before it was in a eukaryotic cell

A
  1. Mitochondria are similar sizes to bacteria
  2. The ribosomes in bacteria are 70s
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12
Q

What is the function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?

A

Synthesis of proteins

Transport of proteins

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13
Q

Name the two endoplasmic reticulum

A

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

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14
Q

Give the function of the membrane surrounding the Rough endoplasmic reticulum

A
  1. Holds the ribosomes in place
  2. Controls what enters the Rough Endoplasmic reticulum
  3. Separates the proteins that it synthesises from the cytoplasm
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15
Q

What is the function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

A

Synthesises lipids

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16
Q

What is the function of the golgi apparatus?

A

The Golgi apparatus modifies and folds proteins and then packages the proteins into vesicles

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17
Q

What is the function of the vesicles?

A

To transport substances within the cell or in/out of the cell

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18
Q

Name a type of vesicle

A

A lysosome

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19
Q

What is the function of the chloroplast?

A

The inner membranes of the chloroplasts are embedded with chlorophyll making the chloroplast the site of photosynthesis

20
Q

What is the function of the lysosome?

A

They contain powerful digestive enzymes which break down waste materials in cells

21
Q

What is the function of the vacuole?

A

The vacuole is there fore storage and to help support the cell

22
Q

What is the membrane around the vacuole called?

A

The tonoplast

23
Q

What are the functions of the ribosomes?

A

Synthesise protiens

24
Q

What are ribosomes made of?

A

2 subunits of rRNA

25
Q

Where are free ribosomes found?

A

In the cytoplasm

26
Q

Where are ribosomes found that are not free in the cytoplasm?

A

The surface of the rough endoplasmic reticulum

27
Q

Are ribosomes membrane-bound or not?

A

Ribosomes are not membrane-bound

28
Q

What is the function of the cell wall?

A

Supports the cell

29
Q

What are centrioles made of?

A

Bundles of tubular protien which make up spindle fibres

30
Q

What is the cell wall made of?

A

Cellulose

31
Q

What are ribosomes made up of?

A

rRNA and protein

32
Q

Why is it important that the lysosome has a membrane surrounding it

A

The powerful digestive enzyme that are contained in the lysosome require an acidic low pH environment

The membrane maintains the internal acidic pH of the lysosome

33
Q

What are the actin filaments in the cytoplasm called?

A

Microfilaments

34
Q

What are the functions of the microfilaments?

A

They are responsible for the movement of cells and cell contraction during cytokenesis

35
Q

What is the function of the microtubule?

A

They act as tracks for the movement of organelles around the cell

Form a scffold-like structure which determines the shape of the cell

36
Q

What are two centrioles called?

A

Centrosomes

37
Q

What is the function of the flagella?

A

They enable cell motility

38
Q

Which type of cillia has the 9+2 arrangement of microtubules inside it

A

The mobile cillia

39
Q

Describe the process of protien production and release from the cell

A
  1. In the nucleus, DNA is transcribed into mRNA
  2. The mRNA leaves the nucleus via the pores in the nuclear membrane
  3. ON the ribosomes the mRNA is translated into protiens
  4. The Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum packages these proteins into vesicles
  5. The vesicles travel to the golgi apparatus where the proteins are modified and then packaged into vesicles again
  6. The vesicles then travel to the cell-surface membrane where the protiens are released in exocytosis
40
Q

Name the three types of eukaryotic cell

A
  1. Animal cell
  2. Plant cell
  3. Fungi
41
Q

What is the function of interMediate fibres?

A

To give Mechanical strength to cells and to help Maintain the integrity of cells

42
Q

What are microTUBULES formed form?

A

The cylindrical-shaped protein TUBULIN

43
Q

What are microfilaments formed from?

A

Contractile fibres formed from the protein actin

44
Q

What is the meaning of ultrastructure?

A

The fine structure of a cell that is not visible through a light microscope

45
Q

Which three organelles in the cell are not membrane-bound?

A
  1. ribosomes
  2. centrioles
  3. (cytoskeleton)

Basic Components of Living systems (4 decks)

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