Eukaryotic Cell Structure

Question 1

What is the function of the nucleus?

Answer 1

Contains genetic material (DNA )

Question 2

What is the function of the nucleolus?

Answer 2

Synthesises ribosomes and RNA

Question 3

What is the membrane around the nucleus called?

Answer 3

The nuclear membrane

Question 4

What can be found in the nuclear membrane?

Answer 4

The nuclear pores

Question 5

What is the function of the mitochondria?

Answer 5

The site of aerobic respiration and sythesises ATP

Question 6

Give a reason why a cell may have a large number of mitochondria

Answer 6

To provide a lot of energy for function

Question 7

There are two parts to the membrane of the mitochondria

TRUE or FALSE

Answer 7

True

Question 8

What are the names of the two membranes of the mitochondria?

Answer 8

1. Outer membrane
2. Inner membrane

Question 9

What is the cytoplasm of the mitochondria called?

Answer 9

The matrix

Question 10

Mitochondria have ribosomes

TRUE or FALSE

Answer 10

TRUE

Question 11

Give two pieces of evidence that the mitochondria may have been a bacterial cell before it was in a eukaryotic cell

Answer 11

1. Mitochondria are similar sizes to bacteria
2. The ribosomes in bacteria are 70s

Question 12

What is the function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 12

Synthesis of proteins

Transport of proteins

Question 13

Name the two endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 13

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Question 14

Give the function of the membrane surrounding the Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 14

1. Holds the ribosomes in place
2. Controls what enters the Rough Endoplasmic reticulum
3. Separates the proteins that it synthesises from the cytoplasm

Question 15

What is the function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 15

Synthesises lipids

Question 16

What is the function of the golgi apparatus?

Answer 16

The Golgi apparatus modifies and folds proteins and then packages the proteins into vesicles

Question 17

What is the function of the vesicles?

Answer 17

To transport substances within the cell or in/out of the cell

Question 18

Name a type of vesicle

Answer 18

A lysosome

Question 19

What is the function of the chloroplast?

Answer 19

The inner membranes of the chloroplasts are embedded with chlorophyll making the chloroplast the site of photosynthesis

Question 20

What is the function of the lysosome?

Answer 20

They contain powerful digestive enzymes which break down waste materials in cells

Question 21

What is the function of the vacuole?

Answer 21

The vacuole is there fore storage and to help support the cell

Question 22

What is the membrane around the vacuole called?

Answer 22

The tonoplast

Question 23

What are the functions of the ribosomes?

Answer 23

Synthesise protiens

Question 24

What are ribosomes made of?

Answer 24

2 subunits of rRNA

Question 25

**Where** are **free ribosomes found**?

Answer 25

In the **cytoplasm**

Question 26

**Where** are **ribosomes** found that are **not free** in the **cytoplasm**?

Answer 26

The **surface** of the **rough endoplasmic reticulum**

Question 27

Are **ribosomes membrane-bound** or **not**?

Answer 27

Ribosomes are **not membrane-bound**

Question 28

**What** is the **function** of the **cell wall**?

Answer 28

**Supports** the **cell**

Question 29

**What** are **centrioles made** of?

Answer 29

Bundles of **tubular protien** which make up **spindle fibres**

Question 30

**What** is the **cell wall made of**?

Answer 30

**Cellulose**

Question 31

**What** are **ribosomes made up of**?

Answer 31

**rRNA** and **protein**

Question 32

**Why** is it **important** that the **lysosome** has a **membrane** surrounding it

Answer 32

The **powerful digestive enzyme** that are contained in the lysosome require an **acidic low pH environment** The membrane **maintains** the **internal acidic pH** of the lysosome

Question 33

**What** are the **actin filaments** in the **cytoplasm called**?

Answer 33

**Microfilaments**

Question 34

**What** are the **functions** of the **microfilaments**?

Answer 34

They are responsible for the **movement of cells** and **cell contraction** during **cytokenesis**

Question 35

**What** is the **function** of the **microtubule**?

Answer 35

They act as **tracks** for the **movement** of **organelles** around the cell Form a **scffold-like structure** which **determines** the **shape** of the cell

Question 36

**What** are **two centrioles** called?

Answer 36

**Centrosomes**

Question 37

**What** is the **function** of the **flagella**?

Answer 37

They enable **cell motility**

Question 38

**Which type** of **cillia** has the **9+2 arrangement** of **microtubules** inside it

Answer 38

The **mobile cillia**

Question 39

**Describe** the **process** of **protien production** and **release** from the **cell**

Answer 39

1. In the **nucleus**, **DNA** is **transcribed** into **mRNA** 2. The **mRNA leaves** the **nucleus** via the **pores** in the **nuclear membrane** 3. **ON** the **ribosomes** the **mRNA** is **translated** into **protiens** 4. The **Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum packages** these proteins into **vesicles** 5. The vesicles **travel** to the **golgi apparatus** where the proteins are **modified** and then packaged into vesicles again 6. The vesicles then travel to the **cell-surface membrane** where the protiens are **released** in **exocytosis**

Question 40

**Name** the **three types** of **eukaryotic cell**

Answer 40

1. **Animal cell** 2. **Plant cell** 3. **Fungi**

Question 41

**What** is the **function** of **interMediate fibres**?

Answer 41

To give **Mechanical strength** to cells and to help **Maintain** the **integrity** of cells

Question 42

**What** are **microTUBULES formed form**?

Answer 42

The **cylindrical-shaped protein TUBULIN**

Question 43

**What** are **microfilaments formed from**?

Answer 43

**Contractile fibres** formed from the protein **actin**

Question 44

**What** is the **meaning** of **ultrastructure**?

Answer 44

The **fine structure** of a **cell** that is **not visible** through a **light microscope**

Question 45

**Which three organelles** in the cell are **not membrane-bound**?

Answer 45

1. **ribosomes** 2. **centrioles** 3. (**cytoskeleton**)