Eukaryotic Cell: Organelles

Question 1

What is the role of mitochondria?

Answer 1

ATP production

Question 2

Describe the structure of mitochondria

Answer 2

1. Smooth outer membrane
2. Convoluted inner membrane “cristae”
3. Matrix (inner compartment)

Question 3

What gradients occur in the mitochondria?

Answer 3

Proton gradient: tons of H+ in intermembrane space. They fall into matrix, driving ATP synthase

Gradient is replenished via electron transport chain

Question 4

Describe the structure of lysosomes.

Answer 4

Single membranes which contain a bunch of hydrolytic enzymes.

Question 5

What is the function of a lysosome?

Answer 5

A lysosome contains hydrolytic enzymes which can help with intracellular digestion (ie break stuff up after phagocytosis/endocytosis).

They also play a role in autophagy

Question 6

What is the endoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 6

It is a huge membrane network with smooth and rough topologies that perform myriad metabolic tasks.

Question 7

What is the role of Smooth ER?

Answer 7

Fats, Carbs, & Drugs

Lipid & steroid synthesis

Carbohydrate metabolism

Detoxify drugs

In muscles, store/regulate Ca²⁺

Question 8

What is the role of Rough ER?

Answer 8

Site of protein synthesis

Rough ER is home to membrane-bound ribosomes.

Ribosomes spit out protein.

Proteins are sequestered in vesicles, moved about as needed.

Question 9

Add card re: Rough ER, signal sequence and signal recognition particle

Question 10

What is the role of the Golgi Apparatus?

Answer 10

Storage/shipping center

Vacuoles leave ER

Vacuoles bind to Golgi

Protein modification happens

Vacuoles leave Golgi

Bind to plasma membrane for secretion

Question 11

Describe the structure of the Golgi Apparatus

Answer 11

Like stacks of pita bread

Vacuoles coalesce to form long cisternae

As they mature, cisternae move from back (cis) to front (trans)

Vesicles bud off of cisternae for intra/extra cellular destinations