Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic Cells Flashcards
Eubacteria Archea
Bacteria
Eukarya
One kingdom
Eukaryotic Cells
Eukaryotes are organisms whose cells have a nucleus enclosed within membranes
Organelle Plasma Membrane
Membrane enclosing the cell Selective permeable Lipids
Organelle Cytosol
Jelly like fluid within a cell.
Organelle Cytoplasm
Collective name for cytosol and all organelles.
Organelle Cytoskeleton
General structure - helps the cell maintain shape.
Organelle Centrosome
Always there. the centrosome is an organelle that is the main place where cell microtubules are organized. Also, it regulates the cell division cycle, the stages which lead up to one cell dividing in two.
Organelle Nucleus
Nuclear envelope Nucelosis Nuclear pores Holds genetic information. Eventually comes out of cell. Chromosomes - 23 pairs.
Organelle Endoplasmic Reticulum
Rough - makes proteins Smooth - lipids
Organelle Ribosomes
Construct proteins. Close to nucleus to give DNA. Cannot have DNA floating around as that is when the mutations happen. Fixed / freefloating ribosomes. Bound ribosomes are located on the surface of the endoplasmic reticulum. The endoplasmic reticulum that contains ribosomes is described as the rough endoplasmic reticulum because of the bumpy surface. Photosynthesis.`
Organelle Golgi apparatus
Package and send. a complex of vesicles and folded membranes within the cytoplasm of most eukaryotic cells, involved in secretion and intracellular transport.
Organelle Lysosome
Get rid of things by breaking them down. “big men” an organelle in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells containing degradative enzymes enclosed in a membrane.
Organelle Mitochondria
Cellular respiration glucose -> cellular energy. Turns it into ATP - Respiration is a series of reactions in which 6-carbon glucose is oxidised to form carbon dioxide. The energy released due to the oxidation of glucose is used to synthesize ATP from adenosine diphosphate or ADP and inorganic phosphate or Pi. Has own circular DNA. (not genomic) Comes from bacteria.
Organelle Flagellum
Provides mobility. Clusters of microtubules
Plant Cells Organelles Cell Wall
Plant cells have a cell wall which is a difference to animal cells.
Plant Cells Organelles Plasmodya Demartyr
???
Plant Cells Organelles Central Vacuoles
Applies pressure to the membrane and cell wall. Makes the cell strong.
Plant Cells Organelles Chloroplasts
Double membrane Chlorophyll Energy sun -> glucose Photosynthesis Chloroplast -> mitochondria -> energy (ATP).
Plant cells don’t have…
flagellum lysosomes
Animal cells don’t have
chloroplasts central vacuole cell wall plasmodemeta
Prokaryotic Organelles
Capsule Nucleiod Flagella Cell membrane Ribosomes Plasmids Flagella
What is X
Ribosomes
What is X
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
