Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic Cells

Question 1

what are prokaryotes

Answer 1

very small single celled organisms with no nucleus and no membrane bound organelles in their cytoplasm.

Question 2

prokaryotes might have? (3)

Answer 2

• a capsule surrounding the cell wall
• one or more plasmids
• one or more flagella

Question 3

function of mitochondria

Answer 3

• involved in aerobic respiration which produces ATP

Question 4

prokaryotes will always have? (5)

Answer 4

• a cell wall
• a cell surface membrane
• a circular DNA that’s free in the cytoplasm
• ribosomes
• cytoplasm

Question 5

what are eukaryotes

Answer 5

Single or multicellular organisms containing a nucleus a cytoplasm and other organelles

Question 6

what are lysosomes

Answer 6

simple sacs containing hydrolytic enzymes surrounded by a single membrane formed by the Golgi apparatus

Question 7

lysosome’s function? (4)

Answer 7

• fuse with the vesicles during phagocytosis releasing hydrolytic enzymes which digest the material inside
• engulfs and digests non functioning organelles
• release of enzymes outside cell
• autolysis

Question 8

what is binary fission

Answer 8

A form of asexual reproduction in single-celled organisms by which one cell divides into two cells of the same size

Question 9

structure of the endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 9

flattened membrane sacs which form an internal transport system in the cell

Question 10

smooth Endoplasmic reticulum function

Answer 10

-involved in the production and transport of lipids

Question 11

function of chloroplast

Answer 11

Site of photosynthesis

Question 12

function and structure of ribosomes

Answer 12

• made of protein and ribosomal RNA
• site of protein synthesis

Question 13

function and structure of a nucleus

Answer 13

Contains the genetic material determining the development structure and function of the cell

-bound by a double membrane (a nuclear envelope) which has nuclear pores

Question 14

vacuole contains? (3)

Answer 14

• soluble sugars
• salts
• sometimes pigment

Question 15

What is cell differentiation?

Answer 15

The process in which cells become specialized.

Question 16

3 functions of the Golgi Apparatus

Answer 16

• adds carbohydrates to proteins received from RER to form glycoproteins
• packages proteins/glycoproteins into Golgi vesicles for secretion
• Produces lysosomes

Question 17

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum function

Answer 17

• has ribosomes that produce secretory proteins which are sent to the Golgi apparatus for packaging and/or modification

Question 18

Chloroplast structure (4)

Answer 18

• flattened biconvex discs surrounded by an envelope consisting of two membranes
• flattened sacs called thylakoids form stacks called grana
• grana provides a large SA for the chlorophyll molecules
• membrane system is surrounded by the stroma which contains enzymes sugars and starch granules

Question 19

Algae Cell Wall consists of? (3)

Answer 19

• cellulose
• glycoproteins
• a mixture of both

Question 20

Fungi Cell Wall contains? (3)

Answer 20

• chitin (nitrogen containing polysaccharide)
• glucan
• glycoproteins

Question 21

Mitochondria structure

Answer 21

• bound by two membranes forming an envelope around an inner matrix
• the folds of the inner membrane = cristae
• matrix contains enzymes for respiration, also contains DNA and ribosomes

Question 22

Cell Wall Structure

Answer 22

-consists of cellulose microfibrils embedded in a matrix containing other polysaccharides

Question 23

function of cell wall

Answer 23

Provides support, strength and shape to the cell

Question 24

differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes

Answer 24

• prokaryotes have smaller 70s ribosomes , eukaryotes have bigger 80s ribosomes
• prokaryotes have no nucleus, eukaryotes do
• DNA is circular in prokaryotes, DNA is linear in eukaryotes

Question 25

similarities between prokaryotes and eukaryotes

Answer 25

- both have ribosomes - both have a cell membrane - both are alive