eukaryotic and prokaryotic cell functions Flashcards
which cells are often eukaryotic
animal and plant cells
what do all eukaryotic cells have
all eukaryotic cells have a cell membrane, cytoplasm and nucleus containing dna
which cells are prokaryotic
bacterial cells are prokaryotic cells
what do prokaryotic cells have
cell walls, cell membrane, cytoplasm and a single circular strand of dna and plasmids
what is the difference in eukaryotic and prokaryotic in size
prokaryotic cells are much smaller
what is the difference in prokaryotic and eukaryotic in reference to their internal structures
prokaryotic cells do not have a nucleus while eukaryotic cells do have ah nucleus
what are the structures within a cell called
the structured within a cell are called organelles
what are organelles
organelles are structures in a cell that have different specific functions
what is the function of a nucleus
a nucleus contains dna coding for a particular protein needed to build new cells and is enclosed in a nucleus membrane
what is the function of cytoplasm
cytoplasm is a liquid substance in which chemical reactions occur.
what does cytoplasm contain
cytoplasm contains enzymes (biological catalysts)
what are enzymes
enzymes are biological catalysts, proteins that speed up the rate of reaction
what is found within the cytoplasm
organelles are found within the cytoplasm
what is the function of the cell membrane
the cell membrane controls what enters and leaves the cell
what is the function of mitochondria
mitochondria is where aerobic respiration reactions occur which in turn provides energy for the cell
what is the function of ribosomes
ribosomes are where proteinsythesis occurs
where are ribosomes found
ribosomes are found on a structure called the rough endoplasmic reticulum
what three organelles are only present in plant cells and not animal cells?
chloroplasts, permanent vacuole and a cell wall
what is the function of chloroplasts
chloroplasts are where photosynthesis takes places, providing food for the plant
why are leaves green
within the plant cell, chloroplasts contain chlorophyll pigment which makes it green
what is the function of chlorophyll
chlorophyll harvests the light needed for photosynthesis
what is the function of a permanent vacuole
a permanent vacuole contains cell sap and is found within the cytoplasm to improve the cell’s rigidity
what is the function of a cell wall
cell walls provide strength to the cell
what is the difference in the cell wall of a plant and that of a bacterial cell
a plant cell wall is made of cellulose while a bacterial cell wall is made from peptidoglycan
what is the function of chromosomal dna
as bacterial cells don’t have a nucleus, the genetic material floats in the cytoplasm
what is the function of plasmids
plasmids are small rings of dna which provide code fr extra genes to those provided by chromosomal dna
what is the function of a flagella
flagella are long, thin ‘whip-like’ tails attached to bacteria that allow them to move
