Eukaryotes, Prokaryotes & Viruses

Question 1

What is a Eukaryote?

Answer 1

Contain nuclei and other membrane bound organelles.
(e.g. mitochondria and chloroplasts)

Question 2

What additional structures do eukaryotic plant cells have?

Answer 2

• Cellulose Cell Wall
• Starch Grains
• Chloroplasts
• A Large Permanent Vacuole

Question 3

What additional structures do eukaryotic fungi have?

Answer 3

• Have NO Chloroplasts.
• A Chitin Cell Wall.

Question 4

What are algae?

What additional structures do eukaryotic algae have?

Answer 4

Algae are not classified as plants as they lack true roots, stems, leaves and a vascular system.
They can also live symbiotically with fungi to form lichen.

• chloroplasts.
• cellulose or glycoprotein cell walls.

Question 5

What are the differences between animal and plant cells?

Answer 5

• Plant cells have a cell wall, animal cells don’t.
• Plant cells have a large permanent vacuole, animal cells don’t.
• Plant cells have chloroplasts, animal cells don’t.
• Plant cells contain starch grains in the cytoplasm, animal cells don’t.

Question 6

What are prokaryotic cells?

Answer 6

Cells which don’t contain nuclei or any other membrane bound organelles.

Question 7

What does a typical prokaryotic cell contain?

Answer 7

• A murein cell wall
• A cell membrane
• A circular DNA molecule.
• 70s ribosomes
• A Capsule
• Plasmids
• Flagellum
• Mesosome

Question 8

What does a typical Eukaryotic Cell have?

Answer 8

• A Cell Membrane
• A Nucleus
• Mitochondria
• Golgi Apparatus
• Lysosomes
• 80s Ribosomes
• Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
• Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

Question 9

What are the differences in Eukaryotes vs. Prokaryotes?

Answer 9

• Eukaryotes have a nucleus, Prokaryotes don’t.
• Eukaryotes have mitochondria, Prokaryotes don’t.
• Eukaryotes have a Golgi Apparatus, Prokaryotes don’t.
• Eukaryotes have endoplasmic reticulum, Prokaryotes don’t.
• Eukaryotes have 80s ribosomes, Prokaryotes have 70s.
• Eukaryotes are a larger size (10-100um), whereas Prokaryotes are smaller (0.5-10um).
• Eukaryotes don’t have a flagellum, Prokaryotes do.

Question 10

What are the differences in DNA between Eukaryotes and Prokaryotes?

Answer 10

• Eukaryotes conceal their DNA inside a membrane, Prokaryotes leave their’s free floating.
• Eukaryotes have linear DNA, Prokaryotes have Circular DNA.
• Eukaryotes have their DNA attached to histone proteins, Prokaryotes don’t.
• Few eukaryotes have plasmids (e.g. yeast), ALL prokaryotes do.

Question 11

What are viruses?

Answer 11

Viruses are acellular and, by themselves, are not alive. This is due to them needing to enter a human or animal cell to allow them to multiply.

Question 12

What is the structure of a virus?

Answer 12

• Genetic material (DNA or RNA) in the centre.
• A capsid, protein coat, surrounding the genetic material.
• A lipid envelope.
• Attachment proteins on the surface.